Trial reportBMC medical education2024
Integration of case-based learning and three-dimensional printing for tetralogy of fallot instruction in clinical medical undergraduates: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of three-dimensional printing models in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the educational impact of tomography-based high-resolution 3D-printed distal radius fracture models.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- The post-pandemic transformation in Pathophysiology teaching strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Application of 3D reconstruction combined with 3D printing and CBL + SP in teaching gynecologic malignant tumors.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Research hotspots and frontier trends in the field of 3D printing in medical education from 2010 to 2025: a bibliometric analysis.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Application and evaluation of case-based multimodal imaging in the ocular fundus disease teaching of postgraduate students.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Application of a hybrid virtual-physical teaching model integrating mixed reality and 3D printing in clinical joint orthopedic education.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- 3D printing in medicine: bridging imaging, education, and practice.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2025Article
- The Usefulness of 3D Heart Models as a Tool of Congenital Heart Disease Education: A Narrative Review.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Review
- The Application of CT 3D Reconstruction and 3D Printing Technology Combined with CBL Teaching Mode in the Clinical Teaching of Joint Orthopedics.Advances in medical education and practice · 2025Article
- From virtual to reality: application of a novel 3D printing hollow model for early-stage lung cancer in the clinical teaching of thoracoscopic sublobar resection.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Integrated 3D printing and case-based learning in orthopedic residency education for geriatric hip fracture management.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Unifocalization of Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries (MAPCAs) and Native Pulmonary Arteries in Infancy-Application of 3D Printing and Virtual Reality.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Bridging Basic and Clinical Medicine: A Combi-Method Approach to Pathophysiology Education.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCase-based learning (CBL) methods have gained prominence in medical education, proving especially effective for preclinical training in undergraduate medical education. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease characterized by four malformations, presenting a challenge in medical education due to the complexity of its anatomical pathology. Three-dimensional printing (3DP), generating physical replicas from data, offers a valuable tool for illustrating intricate anatomical structures and spatial relationships in the classroom. This study explores the integration of 3DP with CBL teaching for clinical medical undergraduates.
methodsSixty senior clinical medical undergraduates were randomly assigned to the CBL group and the CBL-3DP group. Computed tomography imaging data from a typical TOF case were exported, processed, and utilized to create four TOF models with a color 3D printer. The CBL group employed CBL teaching methods, while the CBL-3DP group combined CBL with 3D-printed models. Post-class exams and questionnaires assessed the teaching effectiveness of both groups.
resultsThe CBL-3DP group exhibited improved performance in post-class examinations, particularly in pathological anatomy and TOF imaging data analysis (P < 0.05). Questionnaire responses from the CBL-3DP group indicated enhanced satisfaction with teaching mode, promotion of diagnostic skills, bolstering of self-assurance in managing TOF cases, and cultivation of critical thinking and clinical reasoning abilities (P < 0.05). These findings underscore the potential of 3D printed models to augment the effectiveness of CBL, aiding students in mastering instructional content and bolstering their interest and self-confidence in learning.
conclusionThe fusion of CBL with 3D printing models is feasible and effective in TOF instruction to clinical medical undergraduates, and worthy of popularization and application in medical education, especially for courses involving intricate anatomical components.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.