Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38789809›Full record

Trial reportAesthetic plastic surgery2024

Tranexamic Acid Subcutaneously Administered with Epinephrine and Lidocaine in Upper Blepharoplasty: A Randomized Double-Blind Control Trial.

Thitinan Chaichumporn, Puritat Kanokkangsadal, Achariya Sarovath

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Thitinan ChaichumpornDivision of Plastic and Maxillofacial, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Thanon Rama VI, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. jannythiti@gmail.com.ORCID 0009-0007-0947-2759
Puritat KanokkangsadalCenter of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, 99/209, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongnueng, Klongluang, Pathumtani, 12120, Thailand.
Achariya SarovathDivision of Plastic and Maxillofacial, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Thanon Rama VI, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEyelid surgery is one of the top five aesthetic procedures. It is performed to improve both appearance and function, but intraoperative bleeding leads to adverse events which perturb patients. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of TXA combined with epinephrine in decreasing intraoperative blood loss and postoperative inflammation.

methodsThis prospective randomized control trial was performed on the 30 eyelids of 15 patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty. One of each patient's eyes was randomly assigned to the TXA group, and the other eye was in the control group. Eyes in the TXA group were given 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:100000) mixed with TXA (50 mg/ml) in 1:1 mixture subcutaneously as a local anesthetic. The eyes in the control group received 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:100000) diluted with normal saline in 1:1 mixture. Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative swelling were compared between the two groups.

resultsIntraoperative blood loss was significantly higher in the TXA group [4.86 (1.83) ml] than it was in the control group [2.53 (1.49) ml] (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in operative time (p = 0.645), pain score (p = 0.498), lid crease (p = 0.548), or MRD1 (p = 0.626). On postoperative day 7, there was no difference in lid crease (p = 0.879), MRD1 (p = 0.463), pain score (p = 0.934), or ecchymosis (p = 0.976) between two groups.

conclusionsTXA in lidocaine with epinephrine was found to increase intraoperative bleeding compared to lidocaine with epinephrine alone, but there was no difference in postoperative swelling or ecchymosis. TXA combined with lidocaine and epinephrine injected subcutaneously should be avoided until additional relevant data are obtained. Further drug interaction study is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

Anesthetics, LocalBlepharoplastyBlood Loss, SurgicalEpinephrineLidocaineTranexamic AcidAdultAntifibrinolytic AgentsDouble-Blind MethodDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansInjections, SubcutaneousMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAnesthetics, LocalAntifibrinolytic AgentsEpinephrineLidocaineTranexamic AcidVasoconstrictor AgentsEpinephrineSubcutaneous injectionTranexamic acidUpper blepharoplasty

Identifiers

PMID38789809
PMCPMC11339081

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.