Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38788180›Full record

Observational studyNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2024

Central Vein Sign, Cortical Lesions, and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Workup of Multiple Sclerosis.

Serena Borrelli, Maria Sofia Martire, Anna Stölting, Colin Vanden Bulcke, Edoardo Pedrini, François Guisset, Céline Bugli, Halil Yildiz, Lucie Pothen, Sophie Elands and 9 more

Abstract readObservational StudyMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  16. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Serena BorrelliFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-3186-1562
Maria Sofia MartireFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0009-0007-7479-2695
Anna StöltingFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-0880-0267
Colin Vanden BulckeFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Edoardo PedriniFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-2813-9261
François GuissetFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-5035-0840
Céline BugliFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Halil YildizFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-3103-1638
Lucie PothenFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Sophie ElandsFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Vittorio MartinelliFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Bryan SmithFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-9850-5944
Steven JacobsonFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-3127-1287
Renaud A Du PasquierFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-2786-3434
Vincent Van PeschFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-2885-9004
Massimo FilippiFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-5485-0479
Daniel S ReichFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-2628-4334
Martina AbsintaFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-0276-383X
Pietro MaggiFrom the Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL) (S.B., A.S., C.V.B., F.G., P.M.), Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain; Department of Neurology (S.B., S.E.), Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Brussels, Belgium; Neurology Unit (M.S.M., V.M., M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; ICTEAM Institute (C.V.B.), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (E.P., M.F., M.A.); Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique (C.B.); Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (H.Y., L.P.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Section of Infections of the Nervous System (B.S.); Viral Immunology Section (S.J.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Neurology Service (R.A.D.P., P.M.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (V.V.P., P.M.), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroimaging Research Unit (M.F.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National In-stitutes of Health (NIH); and Department of Neurology (M.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.ORCID 0000-0003-1697-5585

Funding

Multimodal MRI in Multiple SclerosisZIANS003119 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI REICH, DANIEL · 2010 to 2025
$53.4M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesThe diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be challenging in clinical practice because MS presentation can be atypical and mimicked by other diseases. We evaluated the diagnostic performance, alone or in combination, of the central vein sign (CVS), paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL), and cortical lesion (CL), as well as their association with clinical outcomes.

methodsIn this multicenter observational study, we first conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the CVS (proportion of CVS-positive lesions or simplified determination of CVS in 3/6 lesions-Select3*/Select6*), PRL, and CL in MS and non-MS cases on 3T-MRI brain images, including 3D T2-FLAIR, T2*-echo-planar imaging magnitude and phase, double inversion recovery, and magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo image sequences. Then, we longitudinally analyzed the progression independent of relapse and MRI activity (PIRA) in MS cases over the 2 years after study entry. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to test diagnostic performance and regression models to predict diagnosis and clinical outcomes.

resultsThe presence of ≥41% CVS-positive lesions/≥1 CL/≥1 PRL (optimal cutoffs) had 96%/90%/93% specificity, 97%/84%/60% sensitivity, and 0.99/0.90/0.77 area under the curve (AUC), respectively, to distinguish MS (n = 185) from non-MS (n = 100) cases. The Select3*/Select6* algorithms showed 93%/95% specificity, 97%/89% sensitivity, and 0.95/0.92 AUC. The combination of CVS, CL, and PRL improved the diagnostic performance, especially when Select3*/Select6* were used (93%/94% specificity, 98%/96% sensitivity, 0.99/0.98 AUC; DISCUSSION: The combination of CVS, CL, and PRL can improve MS differential diagnosis. CL and PRL also correlated with clinical measures of poor prognosis, with PRL being a predictor of disability accrual independent of clinical/MRI activity.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingMultiple SclerosisAdultCerebral CortexCerebral VeinsCross-Sectional StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPrognosis

Identifiers

PMID38788180
PMCPMC11129678

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