ReviewCells2024
The Importance of HHLA2 in Solid Tumors-A Review of the Literature.
Review in Cells, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Evaluation of HHLA2 in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Expression Patterns and Prognostic Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Spatial single-cell multi-omics characterization of the tumor microenvironment heterogeneity by HER-2 expression status in gastric cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- HHLA2 as an emerging immune checkpoint in lung cancer: linking EGFR signaling, macrophage polarization, and CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and the B7/CD28 family in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced immunotherapy.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Unlocking new frontiers: novel immune targets for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The prognostic significance and Immunomodulatory role of SCGB3A1 expression in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- HHLA2 activates c-Met and identifies patients for targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Review
- HHLA2: a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in endocrine-related cancer.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing field of medicine that aims to use the host's immune mechanisms to inhibit and eliminate cancer cells. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and its ligand PD-L1 are used in various cancer therapies. However, the most thoroughly researched pathway targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has many limitations, and multiple malignancies resist its effects. Human endogenous retrovirus-H Long repeat-associating 2 (HHLA2, known as B7H5/B7H7/B7y) is the youngest known molecule from the B7 family. HHLA2/TMIGD2/KIRD3DL3 is one of the critical pathways in modulating the immune response. Recent studies have demonstrated that HHLA2 has a double effect in modulating the immune system. The connection of HHLA2 with TMIGD2 induces T cell growth and cytokine production via an AKT-dependent signaling cascade. On the other hand, the binding of HHLA2 and KIR3DL3 leads to the inhibition of T cells and mediates tumor resistance against NK cells. This review aimed to summarize novel information about HHLA2, focusing on immunological mechanisms and clinical features of the HHLA2/KIR3DL3/TMIGD2 pathway in the context of potential strategies for malignancy treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.