ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Elevated IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Circulating Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Prediction and Prognostication.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Immune Profiling Identifies Inflammatory Signatures in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- IL-6 in Checkpoint Myocarditis: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.JACC. CardioOncology · 2026Article
- Host Determinants of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy: Immune, Genetic, Metabolic, and Lifestyle Factors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Preliminary exploration of the role of CD8Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced cardiotoxicity: from immune mechanisms to clinical surveillance and targeted therapies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms linking immune dysregulation and myocardial fibrosis.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Dual immune checkpoint inhibitor cardonilumab induces immune myocarditis in a patient with cancer-related myocardial metastasis: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Advancing precision cardio-oncology: multimodal surveillance and stratified management of immunotherapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Predicting 30-Day Cardiotoxicity in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Observational Study Utilizing XGBoost.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Observational
- The Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants in Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiac Injury.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Molecular fingerprints of cardiovascular toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Review
- Etiology and clinical significance of peripheral blood cytokines in geriatric patients with pulmonary infections.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Yoga on inflammatory markers and its impact on cardiovascular health and rehabilitation: A systematic review.Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe impact of peripheral cytokine levels on the prognosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis has not been well studied.
objectivesThis study aimed to identify cytokines that can prognosticate and direct the treatment of ICI myocarditis.
methodsThis was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with ICI myocarditis who had available peripheral cytokine levels between January 2011 and May 2022. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as a composite of heart failure with/without cardiogenic shock, arterial thrombosis, life-threatening arrhythmias, pulmonary embolism, and sudden cardiac death.
resultsIn total, 65 patients with ICI myocarditis had cytokine data available. Patients were mostly males (70%), with a mean age of 67.8 ± 12.7 years. Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were the most common cytokines to be elevated with 48/65 (74%) of patients having a peak IL-6 above normal limits (>5 pg/mL) and 44/65 (68%) of patients with peak TNF-α above normal limits (>22 pg/mL). Patients with elevated peak IL-6 had similar 90-day mortality and MACE outcomes compared to those without (10.4% vs. 11.8%,
conclusionPeripheral blood levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are the most commonly elevated cytokines in patients with ICI myocarditis. However, their role in the prognostication and guidance of immunomodulatory treatment is currently limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.