Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38785364›Full record

ArticleDemography2024

Youth Caregivers of Adults in the United States: Prevalence and the Association Between Caregiving and Education.

Katherine E M Miller, Joanna L Hart, Mateo Useche Rosania, Norma B Coe

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Demography, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the life-course timing of first unpaid caregiving: a survival analysis approach.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. When family caregiving happens: life-course timing and health outcomes in later life.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The toll of caregiving: life-course family care and disparities in physical functioning.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  7. Adolescents' caregiving for family: Associations with mental health and academic performance.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Katherine E M MillerDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health; Roger C. Lipitz Center for Integrated Health Care; and Hopkins Economics of Alzheimer's Disease and Services Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6726-2369
Joanna L HartDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine; Leonard Davis Institute; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine; and Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5617-741X
Mateo Useche Rosania
Norma B CoeDepartment of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine; and Leonard Davis Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1228-0938

Funding

STATISTICAL DATA ENCLAVE COREP30AG012836 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI COE, NORMA B, KOHLER, HANS-PETER · 1999 to 2024
$14.0M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG012836
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A growing proportion of individuals adopt family caregiving roles. Family caregivers are the primary providers of long-term care in the United States yet limited federal policy supports exist, despite the known negative impacts of caregiving. There is also limited information about the prevalence of youth/young adult caregivers and the impacts of caregiving at formative ages in the United States. Our objective is to estimate the prevalence of youth caregivers and examine the association of caregiving with educational investments. We use the American Time Use Survey (2013-2019) to identify and describe youth caregivers (aged 15-18) and young adult caregivers (aged 19-22) and compare them with non-caregiving peers. We estimate that there are approximately 1,623,000 youth caregivers and 1,986,000 young adult caregivers, corresponding to 9.2% and 12.7% of these age groups, respectively. However, there is a wide range in the estimated prevalence per year, from approximately 364,000 to 2.8 million youth caregivers and from 353,000 to 2.2 million young adult caregivers, depending on caregiver definition. Unlike adult caregivers, we find that young men and women were nearly equally likely to provide care. We also find that non-White individuals are disproportionately represented as youth caregivers. Compared with non-caregiving peers, both youth and young adult caregivers are less likely to be enrolled in school and, among those enrolled in school, spend significantly less time on educational activities. Considering the association of caregiving among youth/young adults and education, policies supporting youth and young adult caregivers are critical.

Indexed as

CaregiversEducational StatusAdolescentAdultAge FactorsFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSociodemographic FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultCaregiversEducational statusFamily caregiversInformal caregiversYouth

Identifiers

PMID38785364
PMCPMC11539003

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.