Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38783844›Full record

ArticleACS sustainable chemistry & engineering2024

Measurement of Water Uptake and States in Nafion Membranes Using Humidity-Controlled Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy.

George A H Ludlam, Sam J P Gnaniah, Riccardo Degl'Innocenti, Gaurav Gupta, Andrew J Wain, Hungyen Lin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Impact of Titanium Dioxide on Water Uptake and Diffusion in Nafion.The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

George A H LudlamDepartment of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.
Sam J P GnaniahNational Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
Riccardo Degl'InnocentiDepartment of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-1997
Gaurav GuptaDepartment of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.
Andrew J WainNational Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8666-6158
Hungyen LinDepartment of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-1371

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers are well known for their unique water uptake properties and chemical/mechanical stability. Understanding their performance-stability trade-offs is key to realizing membranes with optimal properties. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy has been demonstrated to resolve water states inside industrially relevant membranes, producing qualitatively agreeable results to conventional gravimetric analysis and prior demonstrations. Using the proposed humidity-controlled terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, here we quantify this detailed water information inside commercially available Nafion membranes at various humidities for direct comparison against literature values from dynamic vapor sorption, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on selected samples. Using this technique therefore opens up opportunities for rapid future parameter space investigation for membrane optimization.

Identifiers

PMID38783844
PMCPMC11110106

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.