ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Microheterogeneity of Transmission Shapes Submicroscopic Malaria Carriage in Coastal Tanzania.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Severe Dengue and Dengue-Malaria Coinfection: A Case Series from a Referral Hospital in Montería, Colombia.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Population genomics of Plasmodium malariae from 4 African countries.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Impact of Insecticide-Treated Nets onTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Uneven Plasmodium falciparum Transmission and Cryptic ovale Transmission From the Asymptomatic Reservoir in Bagamoyo, Tanzania.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Seasonal Variation and Interspecies Dynamics Among Plasmodium falciparum and ovale Species in Bagamoyo, Tanzania.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antibody responses to gSG6-p1, AgSAP, and SAMSP1 following anopheline salivary exposure.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Assessment of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Deletions among Asymptomatic Children and Adults in Bagamoyo, Tanzania.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Seasonal variation and interspecies dynamics amongmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- SubclinicalResearch and reports in tropical medicine · 2025Article
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17 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAsymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites persists even as malaria transmission declines. Low-density infections are often submicroscopic, not detected with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) or microscopy but detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
methodsTo characterize submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum carriage in an area of declining malaria transmission, asymptomatic persons >5 years of age in rural Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, were screened using RDT, microscopy, and PCR. We investigated the size of the submicroscopic reservoir of infection across villages, determined factors associated with submicroscopic carriage, and assessed the natural history of submicroscopic malaria over 4 weeks.
resultsAmong 6076 participants, P. falciparum prevalences by RDT, microscopy, and PCR were 9%, 9%, and 28%, respectively, with roughly two-thirds of PCR-positive individuals harboring submicroscopic infection. Adult status, female sex, dry season months, screened windows, and bed net use were associated with submicroscopic carriage. Among 15 villages encompassing 80% of participants, the proportion of submicroscopic carriers increased with decreasing village-level malaria prevalence. Over 4 weeks, 23% of submicroscopic carriers (61 of 266) became RDT positive, with half exhibiting symptoms, while half (133 of 266) were no longer parasitemic at the end of 4 weeks. Progression to RDT-positive patent malaria occurred more frequently in villages with higher malaria prevalence.
conclusionsMicroheterogeneity in transmission observed at the village level appears to affect both the size of the submicroscopic reservoir and the likelihood of submicroscopic carriers developing patent malaria in coastal Tanzania.
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