SynthesisSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2024
Os trigonum: a discussion of its role in posterior ankle impingement syndrome and a meta-analysis of its prevalence.
Synthesis in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and clinical aspects of os trigonum: a meta-analysis.Anatomical science international · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding imaging in ankle impingement: a comprehensive review.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Morphological characteristics of the flexor hallucis longus-associated part of Kager's fat pad.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Computed Tomography Assessment of Os Trigonum in the Omani Population and Its Clinical Relevance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposethe os trigonum is a supernumerary bone that may lead to posterior ankle impingement syndrome. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of this bone.
methodsA meta-analysis regarding the presence of the os trigonum was performed. For this, the MEDLINE and SciElo databases were searched using "os trigonum" as the keyword. Only original articles, theses, books, dissertations, and monographs were included. Papers with a sample size of < 50 individuals were excluded. The data extracted from the articles were: the total sample size, the prevalence of the trigonum, the method of analysis, the region of the sample, and data regarding sex and side (left or right). Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc Statistical Software version 14.8.1 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium). The heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I² estimation and the Cochran Q test. For all analyses, a random effect was used and a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
results249 papers were found, while 18 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 17,626 ankles were included. The pooled prevalence of the os trigonum was 10.3% (95% CI 7-14.1%) in the present study. There was no significant difference regarding sex or side, while studies conducted in imaging exams showed a higher prevalence in comparison to cadaveric studies.
conclusionOur results suggest that the os trigonum is relatively common. Knowledge of the prevalence of the os trigonum may help surgeons and clinicians diagnose posterior ankle impingement syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.