ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Characterizing 24-Hour Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Alongside Metabolic and Endocrine Responses Under Diurnal Conditions.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rhythmic Metabolism in Osteosarcopenia: Emerging Evidence, a Chronometabolomic Framework for the Bone-Muscle Unit, and Research Priorities.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Time-Dependent Endurance Exercise Improves Metabolic Health Through Circadian Rhythm Regulation in Mice.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Associations of continuous glucose monitor derived time in range and glycaemic variability with diet lifestyle and demographics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exercise Timing and its Effects on Eating Behavior, Weight, and Body Composition: A Systematic Scoping Review to Identify Gaps and Inform Future Research.Current nutrition reports · 2026Article
- Tuned by time: the role of circadian rhythms in metabolic energy sensing and chronotherapy.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle do not display intrinsic circadian regulation in female mice.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Physiological rhythms and metabolic regulation: Shining light on skeletal muscle.Experimental physiology · 2025Review
- Intrinsic Skeletal Muscle Function and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake Do Not Vary by Time-of-Day in Mice.Function (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextSkeletal muscle plays a central role in the storage, synthesis, and breakdown of nutrients, yet little research has explored temporal responses of this human tissue, especially with concurrent measures of systemic biomarkers of metabolism.
objectiveTo characterize temporal profiles in skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, circadian clocks, and autophagy and descriptively relate them to systemic metabolites and hormones during a controlled laboratory protocol.
methodsTen healthy adults (9M/1F, [mean ± SD] age 30 ± 10 years; BMI 24.1 ± 2.7 kg·m-2) rested in the laboratory for 37 hours with all data collected during the final 24 hours (08:00-08:00 hours). Participants ingested hourly isocaloric liquid meal replacements alongside appetite assessments during waking before a sleep opportunity from 22:00 to 07:00 hours. Blood samples were collected hourly for endocrine and metabolite analyses, with muscle biopsies occurring every 4 hours from 12:00 to 08:00 hours the following day to quantify gene expression.
resultsPlasma insulin displayed diurnal rhythmicity peaking at 18:04 hours. Expression of skeletal muscle genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (Name, Acrophase [hours]: GLUT4, 14:40; PPARGC1A, 16:13; HK2, 18:24) and lipid metabolism (FABP3, 12:37; PDK4, 05:30; CPT1B, 12:58) displayed 24-hour rhythmicity that reflected the temporal rhythm of insulin. Equally, circulating glucose (00:19 hours), nonesterified fatty acids (04:56), glycerol (04:32), triglyceride (23:14), urea (00:46), C-terminal telopeptide (05:07), and cortisol (22:50) concentrations also all displayed diurnal rhythmicity.
conclusionDiurnal rhythms were present in human skeletal muscle gene expression as well systemic metabolites and hormones under controlled diurnal conditions. The temporal patterns of genes relating to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism alongside circulating insulin are consistent with diurnal rhythms being driven in part by the diurnal influence of cyclic feeding and fasting.
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