ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
HIV immunological non-responders are characterized by extensive immunosenescence and impaired lymphocyte cytokine production capacity.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heterogeneity of baseline immune activation and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in people with HIV: a multicenter prospective study.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of Fostemsavir in Individuals with Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1, Stratified by Baseline Viral Load.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- HIV immunological nonresponders show low SKAP1 concentration and DNA hypermethylation in the SKAP1 promotor region.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Persistent CD8+ T-cell activation (HLA-DR/CD38) as an immunological marker in antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus-1 patients: A cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Article
- Delayed ART initiation and poor immune reconstitution among drug-using HIV patients in two hospitals in China: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immune non-response despite effective antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: A review of potential mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Immune reconstitution and long-term survival outcomes in LTHIs and TPs living with long-term ART: a propensity score-matched cohort study in Xinjiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysbiosis as a predictor of immunological non-response among people living with HIV.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Immune recovery following switch from EFV-based regimens to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed immunological non-responders: a 144-week real-world cohort study in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Abnormal characteristics of intestinal microenvironment in HIV immunological non-responders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Negative influence of age and low baseline CD4 on T helper cell recovery among HIV-infected individuals with fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil, lamivudine and dolutegravir.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Two-threshold defined immune non-responders are associated with long-term morbidity in people with HIV: a prospective cohort study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- A decreased proportion of naïve MAIT cells is associated with the incomplete immune reconstitution in antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-1 patients.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- The Pathogenic Role of T Cell Metabolism and its Effect on Immune Senescence in Autoimmune Diseases and Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Immune cell subset profiling and metabolic dysregulation define the divergent immune microenvironments in HIV immunological non-responders.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of anti-CD4 mAb induced by inhibiting B cell disorder on immune reconstruction of HIV-infected immunological non-responders.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Elevated Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Interleukin-6 in HIV Immunological Non-Responders Among the Indonesian Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- NK Count and Natural Cytotoxicity in Immune Nonresponders Versus Responders Living With HIV.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Clinical and experimental treatment of residual immune activation in people living with HIV.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Immunological non-responders (INR) are people living with HIV (PLHIV) who fail to fully restore CD4+ T-cell counts despite complete viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). INR are at higher risk for non-HIV related morbidity and mortality. Previous research suggest persistent qualitative defects. Methods: The 2000HIV study (clinical trials NTC03994835) enrolled 1895 PLHIV, divided in a discovery and validation cohort. PLHIV with CD4 T-cell count <350 cells/mm Results: The discovery cohort consisted of 62 INR and 1224 IR, the validation cohort of 26 INR and 243 IR. INR were older, had more advanced HIV disease before starting ART and had more frequently a history of non-AIDS related malignancy. INR had lower absolute CD4+ T-cell numbers in all subsets. Activated (HLA-DR+, CD38+) and exhausted (PD1+) subpopulations were proportionally increased in CD4 T-cells. Monocyte and granulocyte immunophenotypes were comparable. INR lymphocytes produced less IL-22, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 to stimuli. In contrast, monocyte cytokine production did not differ. The proportions of CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ and CD4+PD1+ subpopulations showed an inversed correlation to lymphocyte cytokine production. Conclusions: INR compared to IR have hyperactivated and exhausted CD4+ T-cells in combination with lymphocyte functional impairment, while innate immune responses were comparable. Our data provide a rationale to consider the use of anti-PD1 therapy in INR.
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