SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2024
Androgen levels in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adrenarche, social cognition, and the development and evolution of autism spectrum traits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism of autism-like phenotypes in microglial eIF4E overexpression mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Steroidopathies and hormonal imbalance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Interaction of the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System: Implications in Gastrointestinal Disorders Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Review
- Medical treatment of autism spectrum disorder in children: Current evidence, controversies, and clinical challenges.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- The association between autism spectrum disorder and congenital malformations: a population-based nested case-control study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prenatal Delivery of HIF-1α siRNA Using Transferrin-Modified Lipid Nanoparticles Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities via PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- The role of neuroactive steroids in psychiatric and neurological disorders: Neurobiology and therapeutic perspectives.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Examining androgen and estrogen profiles during pubertal development in autistic and neurotypical girls.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- The Effect of Parental Faecal Microbiome Transplantation from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on Behavior and Gastrointestinal Manifestations in the Male Offspring of Shank3 Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neurology of Androgens and Androgenic Supplements.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- [Advances in research on gender differences in autism spectrum disorders].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Review
- Oxytocin enhances oligodendrocyte development and improves social deficits in autistic rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population exhibits altered hormone levels, including androgens. However, studies on the regulation of androgens, such as testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in relation to sex differences in individuals with ASD are limited and inconsistent. We conducted the systematic review with meta-analysis to quantitatively summarise the blood, urine, or saliva androgen data between individuals with ASD and controls. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for eligible studies published before 16 January 2023 in six international and two Chinese databases. We computed summary statistics with a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and heterogeneity using I Results: 17 case-control studies (individuals with ASD, 825; controls, 669) were assessed. Androgen levels were significantly higher in individuals with ASD than that in controls (SMD: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.06-0.48, Conclusion: Androgen levels, especially free testosterone, may be elevated in individuals with ASD and DHEA levels may be specifically elevated in males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.