ArticleHeliyon2024
Optimization use of watermelon rind in the coagulation-flocculation process by Box Behnken design for copper, zinc, and turbidity removal.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modelling and economic evaluation of a guar gum-enhanced electrocoagulation process optimized by BBD with sludge characterization for DB183 dye removal.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Watermelon rinds were investigated as a bio-coagulant for treating water contaminated by metals and turbidity, owing to their biodegradability and greater environmental friendliness compared to chemical coagulants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy paired with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction characterized the watermelon rinds before and after use. A Box-Behnken experimental design optimized the most influential parameters of initial pH, coagulant dose, and particle size based on response surface methodology. This analysis revealed the experimental data fit quadratic polynomial models, achieving maximum removal efficiencies of 97.51 % for zinc, 99.88 % for copper, and 99.21 % for turbidity under optimal conditions. Statistical analysis confirmed the models effectively captured the experimental data. Analysis of variance denoted the high significance of the quadratic effects of dose and pH. Removal of metal ions Zn
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