ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2024
Sex Differences in Dystonia.
Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sensory Tricks in Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Nested Quantitative Synthesis.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- The epidemiology and phenomenology of non-antipsychotic-induced dystonia: a hybrid systematic-narrative review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-Dependent Effects of CSF1R-Mediated Myeloid Cell Depletion in a Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in the short and long-term outcome of internal pallidus stimulation for dystonia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Observational
- Prevalence and treatment effects on non-motor symptoms in cervical dystonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- Trends and off-label use of botulinum toxin type A in Chinese neurological practice from 2016 to 2023: a real-world study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Somato-Cognitive Action Network in Focal Dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Unravelling head tremor mechanisms: insights from speech analysis in essential tremor and cervical dystonia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Neurotransmission Sex Dichotomy in the Rat Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Healthy and Infantile Spasm Model.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Sex-specific alterations of Purkinje cell firing inDystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Behavioral signature of trihexyphenidyl in theDystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Correction to "Sex Differences in Dystonia".Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies have indicated that female individuals outnumber male individuals for certain types of dystonia. Few studies have addressed factors impacting these sex differences or their potential biological mechanisms.
objectivesTo evaluate factors underlying sex differences in the dystonias and explore potential mechanisms for these differences.
methodsData from individuals with various types of dystonia were analyzed in relation to sex. Data came from two different sources. One source was the Dystonia Coalition database, which contains predominantly idiopathic adult-onset focal and segmental dystonias. The second source was the MDSGene database, which contains predominantly early-onset monogenic dystonias.
resultsThe 3222 individuals from the Dystonia Coalition included 71% female participants and 29% male participants for an overall female-to-male ratio (F:M) of 2.4. This ratio varied according to body region affected and whether dystonia was task-specific. The female predominance was age-dependent. Sex did not have a significant impact on co-existing tremor, geste antagoniste, depression or anxiety. In the 1377 individuals from the MDSGene database, female participants outnumbered male participants for some genes (GNAL, GCH1, and ANO3) but not for other genes (THAP1, TH, and TOR1A).
conclusionsThese results are in keeping with prior studies that have indicated female individuals outnumber male individuals for both adult-onset idiopathic and early onset monogenic dystonias. These results extend prior observations by revealing that sex ratios depend on the type of dystonia, age, and underlying genetics.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.