Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38778271›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024

Evaluation of the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and Clostridioides difficile in immunocompromised children with diarrhea.

Hosein Heydari, Abolfazl Iranikhah, Ahmad Ghasemi, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Seyed Ali Sadat-Mirei, Saeed Shams, Somayeh Kermani

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hosein HeydariPediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Abolfazl IranikhahGastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Ahmad GhasemiDepartment of Microbiology, Research Center of Reference Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Abolfazl MohammadbeigiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Seyed Ali Sadat-MireiPediatric Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Saeed ShamsCellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. sshamsmed@gmail.com.
Somayeh KermaniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. skermani12@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimDiarrhea is a common disease in immunocompromised patients and can be associated with greater morbidity and even mortality. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and C. difficile among immunocompromised children.

methodsThis study was conducted on 130 stool samples from patients with diarrhea who had defects in the immune system and were referred to Hazrat Masoumeh Children's Hospital in Qom. Demographic information, clinical symptoms, immune status, and duration of chemotherapy were also recorded for each child. DNAs were extracted from the stool, and then direct PCR assays were done by specific primers for the detection of Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and toxigenic C. difficile, including tcdA/B and cdtA/B genes. Co-infection in patients was also evaluated.

results60.8% and 39.2% were male and female, respectively, with a m ± SD age of 56.72 ± 40.49 months. Most cases of immunocompromised states were related to Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (77.7%) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (14.6%). 93.1% of patients were undergoing chemotherapy during the study. Among patients, most clinical symptoms were related to bloody diarrhea (98.5%) and fever (92.3%). Based on PCR, 14.6, 9.2, and 1.5% were positive for Aeromonas spp., C. difficile, and C. jejuni, respectively. Among the C. difficile-positive cases, the tcdA gene was only detected in one patient. In total, three co-infections were identified, which included Aeromonas spp./C. difficile (tcdA

conclusionsThis is the first study in Iran to investigate the simultaneous prevalence of some pathogens in immunocompromised children with diarrhea. Because Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and C. difficile are not routinely detected in some laboratories, infections caused by them are underappreciated in the clinic. Our results showed that these pathogens are present in our region and can cause gastroenteritis in children, especially those with underlying diseases. Therefore, increasing the level of hygiene in some areas and controlling bacterial diarrheal diseases should be given more attention by health officials.

Indexed as

AeromonasCampylobacterClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsDiarrheaFecesImmunocompromised HostAdolescentCampylobacter InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolCoinfectionFemaleGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsHumansInfantAeromonasCampylobacterChildrenClostridioides difficileCo-infectionDiarrheaImmunocompromised

Identifiers

PMID38778271
PMCPMC11110422

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.