Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38776020›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2025

Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Date Palm Fruit Cultivars Growing in Morocco.

Mourad El Youssfi, Sanae Abida, Mouatamid El Hazzat, Nezha Bouhaddou, Abdelaziz Laghzizil, Rachid Ben Aakame, Mohammed Halim, Abdellah Zinedine, Aicha Sifou

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Article in Biological trace element research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mourad El YoussfiLaboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
Sanae AbidaLaboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP:1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
Mouatamid El HazzatLaboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP:1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
Nezha BouhaddouPhysiology and Physiopathology Team, Genomics of Human Pathologies Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
Abdelaziz LaghzizilLaboratory of Applied Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta BP.1014 Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
Rachid Ben AakameLaboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco.
Mohammed HalimLaboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP:1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
Abdellah ZinedineBIOMARE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, PO Box 20, El Jadida, 24000, Morocco.
Aicha SifouLaboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP:1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco. a.sifou@um5r.ac.ma.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the levels of two toxic trace elements (lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)) in 84 date fruit samples of four varieties (Mejhoul, Bouittob, Aziza and Boufegouss) produced in four Moroccan areas, using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and to assess their risk to the consumer health. Results showed that out of the total samples, Pb was detected in 39 date fruit samples (46.43%) in the range of 0.0001-0.118 mg/kg, with an average level of 0.016 ± 0.0005 mg/kg. For Cd levels, a total of 40 samples (47.62%) were found to be contaminated with Cd levels ranging from 0.0004 to 0.752 mg/kg, with a mean value of 0.079 ± 0.003 mg/kg. Cadmium levels exceeded the European maximum regulatory limit (MRL) of 0.020 mg/kg in 17 date samples, which represents 20.24%. However, only one sample (1.19%) was above the MRL for Pb (0.10 mg/kg) set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values were found to be below 1. Furthermore, cancer risk (CR) levels exceeded the acceptable ranges. As a result, the non-carcinogenic risk assessments have concluded that consuming date fruits is safe and unlikely to harm harmful effects to the consumers. However, the date consumption may pose a significant lifetime carcinogenic risk to consumers from date-growing regions.

Indexed as

CadmiumFood ContaminationFruitLeadPhoeniceaeHumansMoroccoRisk AssessmentSpectrophotometry, AtomicCadmiumLeadAtomic absorptionDate palm fruitsDietary intakeRisk assessmentToxic trace elements

Identifiers

PMID38776020

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.