Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38773174›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

Lightweight and drift-free magnetically actuated millirobots via asymmetric laser-induced graphene.

Yun Chen, Yuanhui Guo, Bin Xie, Fujun Jin, Li Ma, Hao Zhang, Yihao Li, Xin Chen, Maoxiang Hou, Jian Gao and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Embodied Cross-Domain Intelligence in Biomedical Microrobots: A Review.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Magnetically Controllable and Degradable Milliscale Swimmers as Intraocular Drug Implants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Laser-Enabled Fabrication of Flexible Printed Electronics with Integrated Functional Devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Improved Biocompatibility in Laser-Polished Implants.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yun ChenState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4988-8894
Yuanhui GuoState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Bin XieState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Fujun JinInstitute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-0085
Li MaState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Hao ZhangState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Yihao LiDepartment of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
Xin ChenState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China. chenx@gdut.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1990-2058
Maoxiang HouState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Jian GaoState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Huilong LiuState Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Yu-Jing LuInstitute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China. luyj@gdut.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-843X
Ching-Ping WongSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-8053
Ni ZhaoDepartment of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. nzhao@ee.cuhk.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-8516

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 51975127
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Millirobots must have low cost, efficient locomotion, and the ability to track target trajectories precisely if they are to be widely deployed. With current materials and fabrication methods, achieving all of these features in one millirobot remains difficult. We develop a series of graphene-based helical millirobots by introducing asymmetric light pattern distortion to a laser-induced polymer-to-graphene conversion process; this distortion resulted in the spontaneous twisting and peeling off of graphene sheets from the polymer substrate. The lightweight nature of graphene in combine with the laser-induced porous microstructure provides a millirobot scaffold with a low density and high surface hydrophobicity. Magnetically driven nickel-coated graphene-based helical millirobots with rapid locomotion, excellent trajectory tracking, and precise drug delivery ability were fabricated from the scaffold. Importantly, such high-performance millirobots are fabricated at a speed of 77 scaffolds per second, demonstrating their potential in high-throughput and large-scale production. By using drug delivery for gastric cancer treatment as an example, we demonstrate the advantages of the graphene-based helical millirobots in terms of their long-distance locomotion and drug transport in a physiological environment. This study demonstrates the potential of the graphene-based helical millirobots to meet performance, versatility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness requirements simultaneously.

Identifiers

PMID38773174
PMCPMC11109242

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.