ArticleNature communications2024
3D ocean assessments reveal that fisheries reach deep but marine protection remains shallow.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global conservation additionality hindered by persisting fishing pressure in marine protected areas.Science advances · 2026Article
- Prioritizing Shark, Ray, and Chimaera Conservation in Rapidly Changing Polar Waters.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Assessing Loggerhead Turtle Exposure to Fisheries in Northwest Africa: Predicted Risk and Management Gaps.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Depth is a strong driver of functional diversity in Caribbean reef-fish communities.Oecologia · 2026Article
- Key drivers of at-vessel mortality in demersal sharks.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026Article
- Vulnerability of tropical fish communities across depth in the central Indian Ocean.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Open-Source Marine Biodiversity Data Quality in the Norwegian Sea Spanning 149 Years: Knowledge Gaps in the Deep-Sea Mining Opening Area.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Collective Science to Inform Global Ocean Protections.Ecology letters · 2025Article
- Three-dimensional conservation planning of fish biodiversity metrics to achieve the deep-sea 30×30 conservation target.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Recent trends and biases in mesophotic ecosystem research.Biology letters · 2024Article
- 3D ocean assessments reveal that fisheries reach deep but marine protection remains shallow.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
The wave of new global conservation targets, the conclusion of the High Seas Treaty negotiations, and the expansion of extractive use into the deep sea call for a paradigm shift in ocean conservation. The current reductionist 2D representation of the ocean to set targets and measure impacts will fail at achieving effective biodiversity conservation. Here, we develop a framework that overlays depth realms onto marine ecoregions to conduct the first three-dimensional spatial analysis of global marine conservation achievements and fisheries footprint. Our novel approach reveals conservation gaps of mesophotic, rariphotic, and abyssal depths and an underrepresentation of high protection levels across all depths. In contrast, the 3D footprint of fisheries covers all depths, with benthic fishing occurring down to the lower bathyal and mesopelagic fishing peaking in areas overlying abyssal depths. Additionally, conservation efforts are biased towards areas where the lowest fishing pressures occur, compromising the effectiveness of the marine conservation network. These spatial mismatches emphasize the need to shift towards 3D thinking to achieve ocean sustainability.
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