ArticleDiabetologia2024
Discovery and validation of plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance and diabetes progression or regression among Puerto Rican adults.
Article in Diabetologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lifestyles, metabolome and diabetic kidney disease: a cohort study.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026Article
- Circulating metabolites, genetics and lifestyle factors in relation to future risk of type 2 diabetes.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- A narrative review on the correlation between diabetic foot and sarcopenia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Diabetes alters the supragingival microbiome through plasma-to-saliva migration of glucose and fructose.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Salivary Metabolomics for Early Detection and Monitoring of Systemic Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Recent advances in precision nutrition and cardiometabolic diseases.Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) · 2025Review
- Multi-fluid, multi-omics signatures of insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes among Puerto Rican adults.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisMany studies have examined the relationship between plasma metabolites and type 2 diabetes progression, but few have explored saliva and multi-fluid metabolites.
methodsWe used LC/MS to measure plasma (n=1051) and saliva (n=635) metabolites among Puerto Rican adults from the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. We used elastic net regression to identify plasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting baseline HOMA-IR in a training set (n=509) and validated these scores in a testing set (n=340). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs for the association of baseline metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes (n=54) and prediabetes (characterised by impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and/or high HbA
resultsPlasma, saliva and multi-fluid plasma-saliva metabolomic scores predicting insulin resistance included highly weighted metabolites from fructose, tyrosine, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Each SD increase in the plasma (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.18, 3.38]; p=0.01) and multi-fluid (1.80 [1.06, 3.07]; p=0.03) metabolomic scores was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The saliva metabolomic score was associated with incident prediabetes (1.48 [1.17, 1.86]; p=0.001). All three metabolomic scores were significantly associated with lower likelihood of regressing from prediabetes to normoglycaemia in models adjusting for adiposity (HRs 0.72 for plasma, 0.78 for saliva and 0.72 for multi-fluid), but associations were attenuated when adjusting for lipid and glycaemic measures. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe plasma metabolomic score predicting insulin resistance was more strongly associated with incident type 2 diabetes than the saliva metabolomic score. Only the saliva metabolomic score was associated with incident prediabetes.
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