ArticleLasers in medical science2024
Evaluation of the effects of different photosensitizers used in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on tooth discoloration: spectrophotometric analysis.
Article in Lasers in medical science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Strategies to Enhance the Efficacy and Clinical Translation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influence of different photosensitizers on the internal bleaching response of aPDT-induced coronal discoloration: an in vitro study.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of different photosensitizers used in post space disinfection and their effects on push-out bond strength.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Innovations in teeth bleaching: harnessing antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for enhanced outcomes.Lasers in medical science · 2025Review
- Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with zinc oxide and toluidine blue on Streptococcus mutans accumulation in polymethyl methacrylate resin used in orthodontic appliances.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Effect of Er: YAG laser, phthalocyanine activated photodynamic therapy, and bioactive glass nanoparticles on smear layer removal and push out bond strength of quartz fiber posts to canal dentin: a SEM assessment.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Article
- Stimuli-responsive materials in oral diseases: a review.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTooth discoloration is a common concern in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using various photosensitizers (PS). Toluidine Blue (TB), Methylene Blue (MB), Phthalocyanine (Pc), and 2-mercaptopyridine-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (TM-ZnPc) are among those studied, but their relative impacts on tooth discoloration remain unclear.
aimThis study aimed to compare the effects of TB, MB, Pc, and TM-ZnPc in aPDT on tooth discoloration, utilizing a controlled experimental setup. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study comprised seventy-five single-rooted incisors with root canals. Following meticulous preparation, a standardized area on the crown surface was designated for examination, and precise measurements of the initial tooth colors were recorded. Samples were randomly divided into five groups: Negative control, MB, TM, Pc, and TM-ZnPc. Photoactivation was performed using LED light, and color measurements were taken at multiple time points up to 90 days. Data were converted to Lab* color values of the CIE Lab* color system (International Commission on Illumination, Vienna, Austria), and ΔE values were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Two-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05).
resultsAt day 7 and 30, TM-ZnPc and Pc caused less discoloration compared to MB and TB. TM-ZnPc caused more tooth discoloration compared to Pc (p < 0.05). Compared to baseline, MB and TM-ZnPc caused more tooth discoloration at 30 days and TB caused more tooth discoloration at 90 days (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in terms of tooth discoloration at all periods evaluated after Pc application (p > 0.05). All photosensitizers tested in the study caused tooth coloration.
conclusionAll PS induced clinically detectable tooth discoloration, with TB and MB causing more significant discoloration compared to Pc and TM-ZnPc at certain time points. TM-ZnPc and Pc demonstrated more stable coloration levels over time, suggesting their potential reliability in aPDT applications. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate PS to minimize tooth discoloration in aPDT, with Pc showing promise in this regard.
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