ArticleNeurocritical care2024
Acute-Phase Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid Predict Long-Term Outcome After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in Neurocritical care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between neurofilament light chain concentrations and outcomes in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Hypoxic conditioning in Parkinson's disease: randomized controlled multiple N-of-1 trials.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Astroglial and Neuronal Injury Markers (GFAP, UCHL-1, NfL, Tau, S100B) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in PTSD and Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: insights from a 15-year multicentre cohort in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- From Traumatic Brain Injury to Alzheimer's Disease: Multilevel Biomechanical, Neurovascular, and Molecular Mechanisms with Emerging Therapeutic Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Poor Correlation Between Inflammatory and Brain Injury Biomarkers After Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Pilot Study.World neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Regional variation in traumatic brain injury patterns, management and mortality: a nationwide Swedish cohort study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Observational
- Potential Correlation Between Molecular Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- "Proteinjury": a universal pathological mechanism mediated by cerebrospinal fluid in neurodegeneration and trauma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Administration of anti-GFAP antibodies increases CGRP expression and increases pain hypersensitivity in spinal cord injured animals.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated trajectory profiles and the association of concentrations of the biomarkers neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with clinical outcome at 1 year and 10-15 years after a severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).
methodsThis study included patients with sTBI at the Neurointensive Care Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. The injury was regarded as severe if patients had a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 corresponding to Reaction Level Scale ≥ 4. CSF was collected from a ventricular catheter during a 2-week period. Concentrations of NfL and GFAP in CSF were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the 1-year and 10-15-year outcomes. After adjustment for age and previous neurological diseases, logistic regression was performed for the outcomes GOS 1 (dead) or GOS 2-5 (alive) and GOS 1-3 (poor) or GOS 4-5 (good) versus the independent continuous variables (NfL and GFAP).
resultsFifty-three patients with sTBI were investigated; forty-seven adults are presented in the article, and six children (aged 7-18 years) are described in Supplement 1. The CSF concentrations of NfL gradually increased over 2 weeks post trauma, whereas GFAP concentrations peaked on days 3-4. Increasing NfL and GFAP CSF concentrations increased the odds of GOS 1-3 outcome 1 year after trauma (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-2.80, p = 0.025; and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.37, p = 0.016, respectively). Similarly, increasing CSF concentrations of NfL and GFAP increased the odds for GOS 1-3 outcome 10-15 years after trauma (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.96, p = 0.035; and OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02-2.00, p = 0.040).
conclusionsThis study shows that initial high concentrations of NfL and GFAP in CSF are both associated with higher odds for GOS 1-3 outcome 1 year and 10-15 years after an sTBI, implicating its potential usage as a prognostic marker in the future.
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