Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38768080›Full record

ArticlePloS one2024

A national audit of facilities, human and material resources for the comprehensive management of diabetes in Ghana-A 2023 update.

Ernest Yorke, Josephine Akpalu, Gwendolyn de-Graft Johnson, Yacoba Atiase, Margaret Reynolds, Ruth Laryea, John Tetteh, Alfred E Yawson, Albert G B Amoah

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In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ernest YorkeDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0003-4257-7492
Josephine AkpaluDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
Gwendolyn de-Graft JohnsonDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
Yacoba AtiaseDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
Margaret ReynoldsDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
Ruth LaryeaDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
John TettehDepartment of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
Alfred E YawsonDepartment of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.
Albert G B AmoahDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe human and material resources as well as the systems for managing diabetes in Africa are inadequate. This study or needs assessment, aimed at updating the human and material resources, identifying the gaps and unmet needs for comprehensive diabetes care in Ghana.

methodsWe conducted a national audit of 122 facilities in all 16 administrative regions of Ghana. Information obtained covered areas on personnel and multidisciplinary teams, access to medications, access to laboratory services, financing, screening services, management of diabetes complications, and availability/use of diabetes guidelines or protocols. Data was analysed using STATA version 16.1. P-values <0.05 were set as significant.

resultsOnly 85(69.7%) out of the 122 surveyed facilities had a dedicated centre or service for diabetes care. Twenty-eight (23%) had trained diabetes doctors/specialists; and whilst most centres had ophthalmic nurses and dieticians, majority of them did not have trained diabetes educators (nurses), psychologists, ophthalmologists, podiatrists, and foot/vascular surgeons. Also, 13.9% had monofilaments, none could perform urine dipstick for microalbumin; 5 (4.1%) and just over 50% could perform laboratory microalbumin estimation and glycated haemoglobin, respectively. Access to and supply of human insulins was better than analogue insulin in most centres. Nearly 100% of the institutions surveyed had access to metformin and sulphonylurea with good to excellent supply in most cases, whilst access to Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 inhibitors and Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues were low, and moderate for Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones. Majority of the health facilities (95.1%) offered NHIS as payment mechanism for clients, whilst 68.0% and 30.3% of the patients paid for services using out-of-pocket and private insurance respectively. Fifteen facilities (12.3%) had Diabetes Support Groups in their locality and catchment areas.

conclusionAn urgent multisectoral collaboration, including prioritisation of resources at the facility level, to promote and achieve acceptable comprehensive diabetes care is required.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusGhanaHealth Services AccessibilityHumansHypoglycemic AgentsHypoglycemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID38768080
PMCPMC11104593

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.