ArticlemBio2024
Changes in the type 2 diabetes gut mycobiome associate with metformin treatment across populations.
Article in mBio, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes: insights from metagenomics, multi-omics, and diet-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Metformin in Diabetes and Beyond: Therapeutic Mechanisms, Lactic Acidosis, Organ-Specific Effects, and Nanotechnology-Based Delivery Strategies.Current medical science · 2026Review
- The role of the mycobiome in host physiology and disease: insights from rodent models.Lab animal · 2025Review
- The Gut Mycobiome and Nutritional Status in Paediatric Phenylketonuria: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- MicrobeRX: a tool for enzymatic-reaction-based metabolite prediction in the gut microbiome.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Gut mycobiome in cardiometabolic disease progression: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The temporal dynamics of the gut mycobiome and its association with cardiometabolic health in a nationwide cohort of 12,641 Chinese adults.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human gut teems with a diverse ecosystem of microbes, yet non-bacterial portions of that community are overlooked in studies of metabolic diseases firmly linked to gut bacteria. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with compositional shifts in the gut bacterial microbiome and the mycobiome, the fungal portion of the microbiome. However, whether T2D and/or metformin treatment underpins fungal community changes is unresolved. To differentiate these effects, we curated a gut mycobiome cohort spanning 1,000 human samples across five countries and validated our findings in a murine experimental model. We use Bayesian multinomial logistic normal models to show that T2D and metformin both associate with shifts in the relative abundance of distinct gut fungi. T2D is associated with shifts in the Saccharomycetes and Sordariomycetes fungal classes, while the genera IMPORTANCE: This is the largest to-date multi-country cohort characterizing the human gut mycobiome, and the first to investigate potential perturbations in gut fungi from oral pharmaceutical treatment. We demonstrate the reproducible effects of metformin treatment on the human and murine gut mycobiome and highlight a need to consider metformin as a confounding factor in investigations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the gut microbial ecosystem.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.