ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2024
Effect of a Partial Superficial and Deep Medial Collateral Ligament Injury on Knee Joint Laxity.
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-strand superficial medial collateral ligament reconstruction with a peroneus longus split graft provides reliable control of anteromedial rotatory instability combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A 2-year clinical cohort study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- A Narrow Medial Femoral Condyle Width Is Associated With Anteromedial Rotatory Instability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- A scoping review and guide for in vitro healthy human knee joint laxity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- A Flat Reconstruction of the Medial Collateral Ligament and Anteromedial Structures Restores Native Knee Kinematics: A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Double-Bundle Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Improves Anteromedial Rotatory Instability.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Load Sharing of the Deep and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligaments, the Effect of a Partial Superficial Medial Collateral Injury, and Implications on ACL Load.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- On-lay Anatomical Reconstruction of the Superficial and Deep MCL and POL With Hamstrings Tendons Autograft.Video journal of sports medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInjuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), specifically the deep MCL (dMCL) and superficial MCL (sMCL), are both reported to be factors in anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI); however, a partial sMCL (psMCL) injury is often present, the effect of which on AMRI is unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a dMCL injury with or without a psMCL injury on knee joint laxity. STUDY
designControlled laboratory study.
methodsSixteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic simulator. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was cut first and last in protocols 1 and 2, respectively. The dMCL was cut completely, followed by an intermediary psMCL injury state before the sMCL was completely sectioned. Tibiofemoral kinematics were measured at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion for the following measurements: 8 N·m of valgus rotation (VR), 4 N·m of external tibial rotation, 4 N·m of internal tibial rotation, and combined 89 N of anterior tibial translation and 4 N·m of external tibial rotation for both anteromedial rotation (AMR) and anteromedial translation. The differences between subsequent states, as well as differences with respect to the intact state, were analyzed.
resultsIn an ACL-intact or -deficient joint, a combined dMCL and psMCL injury increased external tibial rotation and VR compared with the intact state at all angles. A significant increase in AMR was seen in the ACL-intact knee after this combined injury. Cutting the dMCL alone showed lower mean increases in AMR compared with the psMCL injury, which were significant only when the ACL was intact in knee flexion. Moreover, cutting the dMCL had no effect on VR. The ACL was the most important structure in controlling anteromedial translation, followed by the psMCL or dMCL depending on the knee flexion angle.
conclusionA dMCL injury alone may produce a small increase in AMRI but not in VR. A combined dMCL and psMCL injury caused an increase in AMRI and VR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In clinical practice, if an increase in AMRI at 30° and 90° of knee flexion is seen together with some increase in VR, a combined dMCL and psMCL injury should be suspected.
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