ArticleJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open2024
At-risk patient documentation and naloxone dispersal for a rural statewide EMS "Naloxone Leave Behind" program.
Article in Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Approaches, Barriers, and Facilitators in Statewide Initiative to Combat Opioid Overdose: A Narrative Review of Ohio's Experiences During the HEALing Communities Study.Prehospital emergency care · 2025Trial
- Article
- Assessment of a County-Wide, Pan-First Responder Take-Home Naloxone Program in Denver, Colorado.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Prehospital Use of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Rapid Review of Implementation Approaches and Outcomes.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Layperson-Administered Naloxone Trends Reported in Emergency Medical Service Activations, 2020-2022.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- At-risk patient documentation and naloxone dispersal for a rural statewide EMS "Naloxone Leave Behind" program.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: For successful Naloxone Leave Behind (NLB) programs, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) must identify patients at-risk for opioid overdose. We describe the first year of Vermont's NLB program and report rates of EMS documentation of at-risk patients with subsequent distribution of NLB kits in the subgroup of those refusing transport to an emergency department (ED). Methods: This retrospective cohort review of all EMS encounters over 1 year compared on-scene EMS documented to retrospective chart reviewidentified at-risk patients eligible for NLB kit dispersal. EMS was educated to identify at-risk patients through statewide mandatory training modules. At-risk patients were identified by electronic chart review using the same training criteria. As per protocol, patients identified as at-risk by EMS who refuse ED transport are eligible for NLB. NLB-appropriate patients by retrospective chart review without NLB protocol use documentation by EMS were considered "missed." Results: Of 110,701 EMS encounters, 2507 (2.4%) were at-risk by chart review. Among these, 793 refused transport to an ED. In this chart-review at-risk non-transported group, EMS documented 407 (51.3%) patients as at-risk by documenting use of the NLB protocol. Of these 407, EMS provided 141 (34.6%) with NLB kits. Fifteen (3.7%) patients refused kits. There were 386 (48.7%) potentially "missed" opportunities for NLB dispersal. Conclusion: EMS documented 51.3% of patients eligible for NLB dispersal, with 34.6% receiving kits. There was no documentation for 48.7% of chart-review at-risk patients, suggesting "missed" distribution opportunities. This study highlights the need for improved EMS identification of at-risk patients, EMS documentation adherence, and NLB kit provision.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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