ArticleBMC medicine2024
Association of genetic variants related to combined lipid-lowering and antihypertensive therapies with risk of cardiovascular disease: 2 × 2 factorial Mendelian randomization analyses.
Article in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exploring research trends and hotspots on PCSK9 inhibitor studies: a bibliometric and visual analysis spanning 2007 to 2023.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular Interplay between hypertension and dyslipidemia in cardiovascular pathogenesis: toward precision-based therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Genetic subtyping of obesity reveals biological insights into the uncoupling of adiposity from its cardiometabolic comorbidities.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Genomic and Precision Medicine Approaches in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: From Risk Prediction to Therapy-A Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Reply to: Enhancing Statin Research for Alzheimer's Prevention: Suggestions for Future Studies and Policy Implications.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- 2024 consensus document of the Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC): update on LDL cholesterol lowering in patients with arterial hypertension.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2025Review
- Association Between the Waist-Triglyceride Index and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Identification of shared genetic etiology of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through common cardiometabolic risk factors.Communications biology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs are commonly combined for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship of combined medications with CVD remains controversial. We aimed to explore the associations of genetically proxied medications of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs, either alone or both, with risk of CVD, other clinical and safety outcomes.
methodsWe divided 423,821 individuals in the UK Biobank into 4 groups via median genetic scores for targets of lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs: lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) mediated by targets of statins or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) mediated by targets of β-blockers (BBs) or calcium channel blockers (CCBs), combined genetically lower LDL-C and SBP, and reference (genetically both higher LDL-C and SBP). Associations with risk of CVD and other clinical outcomes were explored among each group in factorial Mendelian randomization.
resultsIndependent and additive effects were observed between genetically proxied medications of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs with CVD (including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery diseases) and other clinical outcomes (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and dementia) (P > 0.05 for interaction in all outcomes). Take the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors and BBs on CVD for instance: compared with the reference, PCSK9 group had a 4% lower risk of CVD (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95%CI, 0.94-0.99), and a 3% lower risk was observed in BBs group (OR, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.94-0.99), while combined both were associated with a 6% additively lower risk (OR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.92-0.97; P = 0.87 for interaction).
conclusionsGenetically proxied medications of combined lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs have an independent and additive effects on CVD, other clinical and safety outcomes, with implications for CVD clinical practice, subsequent trials as well as drug development of polypills.
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