Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38762206›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2024

Health Insurance and Access to Care in U.S. Working-Age Adults Experiencing Long COVID.

Nicole D Ford, Douglas Slaughter, Alexandra F Dalton, Deja Edwards, Kevin Ma, Hope King, Sharon Saydah

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Life Satisfaction and Sleep Health among College Students in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Barriers to Long COVID Care in the U.S.: An Application of Levesque et al.'s Access Framework.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nicole D FordCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: yex9@cdc.gov.
Douglas SlaughterCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia.
Alexandra F DaltonCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Deja EdwardsCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Eagle Global Scientific, Atlanta, Georgia.
Kevin MaCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Workforce Development, Public Health Infrastructure Center, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Hope KingCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Sharon SaydahCoronavirus and Other Respirator Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLong COVID encompasses a wide range of health problems that emerge, persist, or recur following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. Given that the prevalence of self-reported Long COVID is highest among U.S. adults in their prime working years, it is important to identify unmet needs and gaps in healthcare access and coverage among working-age adults.

methodsPrevalences (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of health insurance coverage and access to care by Long COVID status were estimated among adults 18-64 years (n=18,117), accounting for survey design and weighted to the U.S. non-institutionalized population in the 2022 National Health Interview Survey. Analyses were conducted in 2023.

resultsOverall, 3.7% (95% CI 3.4, 4.0) of respondents were experiencing Long COVID. Adults experiencing Long COVID were less likely to report being uninsured relative to adults not experiencing Long COVID (p=0.004); however, 49.0% (95% CI 43.2, 54.7) had high deductible health plans. Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, adults experiencing Long COVID were more likely to access healthcare compared to adults not experiencing Long COVID (p<0.01 for seeing a doctor, telemedicine appointments, ≥2 urgent care visits, ≥2 emergency department visits, and hospitalized overnight). Despite more frequent healthcare use, adults experiencing Long COVID were also more likely to abstain from and delay medical care, therapy, and prescriptions due to cost compared to adults not experiencing Long COVID (p<0.0001 for all comparisons).

conclusionsThese findings may be used to inform healthcare planning for adults experiencing Long COVID and highlight the ongoing need to improve access and affordability of quality and comprehensive care.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health Services AccessibilityInsurance CoverageInsurance, HealthAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2United StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID38762206
PMCPMC11977101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.