Trial reportJournal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer2024
A Real-World Assessment of Stage I Lung Cancer Through Electronic Nose Technology.
Trial report in Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04734145 (Breathprinting), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Breathprinting (e-Nose) Technology for the Identification of Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Few Labels, Many Breaths: Adapting Electronic Noses for Lung Cancer Detection.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Few-Shot Lung Cancer Classification via Electronic Nose Using Large Language Models: A Multicentre Prospective Study.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- The use of a novel urine biosensor platform for lung cancer detection during lung cancer screening.JTCVS open · 2026Article
- Gene amplification in the premalignant stages of non-small cell lung cancer development.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Out of the ivory tower: transitioning breathomics to clinical care.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Harnessing multi-omics approaches to decipher tumor evolution and improve diagnosis and therapy in lung cancer.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Breath- and blood-based molecular assessment for gastroesophageal cancer.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Review
- Utility of Volatile Organic Compounds and Electronic Nose Technology for Breast Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionElectronic nose (E-nose) technology has reported excellent sensitivity and specificity in the setting of lung cancer screening. However, the performance of E-nose specifically for early-stage tumors remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic performance of E-nose technology in clinical stage I lung cancer.
methodsThis phase IIc trial (NCT04734145) included patients diagnosed with a single greater than or equal to 50% solid stage I nodule. Exhalates were prospectively collected from January 2020 to August 2023. Blinded bioengineers analyzed the exhalates, using E-nose technology to determine the probability of malignancy. Patients were stratified into three risk groups (low-risk, [<0.2]; moderate-risk, [≥0.2-0.7]; high-risk, [≥0.7]). The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of E-nose versus histopathology (accuracy and F1 score). The secondary outcome was the clinical performance of the E-nose versus clinicoradiological prediction models.
resultsBased on the predefined cutoff (<0.20), E-nose agreed with histopathologic results in 86% of cases, achieving an F1 score of 92.5%, based on 86 true positives, two false negatives, and 12 false positives (n = 100). E-nose would refer fewer patients with malignant nodules to observation (low-risk: 2 versus 9 and 11, respectively; p = 0.028 and p = 0.011) than would the Swensen and Brock models and more patients with malignant nodules to treatment without biopsy (high-risk: 27 versus 19 and 6, respectively; p = 0.057 and p < 0.001).
conclusionsIn the setting of clinical stage I lung cancer, E-nose agrees well with histopathology. Accordingly, E-nose technology can be used in addition to imaging or as part of a "multiomics" platform.
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Registered trials
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