ArticleJournal of neurology2024
Validation of a risk score to differentiate autoimmune and viral encephalitis: a Nationwide Cohort Study in Denmark.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sensitivity of the UT-Hopkins Score in 350 patients with antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Current and Future Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Review of Biomarker Detection Techniques and Their Performance.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Anti-NMDAR antibodies are not prevalent in Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Versus Autoimmune Encephalitis Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Modeling.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundA score to differentiate autoimmune (AE) and viral encephalitis (VE) early upon admission has recently been developed but needed external validation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the score in a larger and more diagnostically diverse patient cohort.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective nationwide and population-based cohort study including all adults with encephalitis of definite viral (2015-2022) or autoimmune aetiology (2009-2022) in Denmark. Variables included in the score-model were extracted from patient records and individual risk scores were assessed. The performance of the score was assessed by receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses and calculation of the area under the curve (AUC).
resultsA total of 496 patients with encephalitis [AE n = 90, VE n = 287 and presumed infectious encephalitis (PIE) n = 119] were included in the study. The score was highly accurate in predicting cases of AE reaching an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97). Having a score ≥ 3 predicted AE with a PPV of 87% and an NPV of 91%. The risk score was found to perform well across aetiological subgroups and applied to the PIE cohort resulted in an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.93).
conclusionThe excellent performance of the score as reported in the development study was confirmed in this significantly larger and more diverse cohort of patients with encephalitis in Denmark. These results should prompt further prospective testing with wider inclusion criteria.
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