ArticleScientific reports2024
Isobutyric acid enhances the anti-tumour effect of anti-PD-1 antibody.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Association Between Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Incidence of Food Allergies-Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular pathways linking the gut microbiome to antitumor immunity.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Regulation of PD-1PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints by Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Their Clinical Translational Research: A Review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Article
- Microbiota-Derived SCFAs Mediate the Synergistic Antidepressant Effects of Dajianzhong Decoction and Ketamine via FFAR2-NLRP3-IL-1β Signaling.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Analysis of Human Blood Cells Reveals Unique Features of Age-Associated Type 2 CD8 Memory T Cells.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Gut dysbiosis in oncology: a risk factor for immunoresistance.Cell research · 2026Review
- Persimmon Powder from Discarded Fruits as a Potential Prebiotic to Modulate Gut Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prognostic Role of Gut Microbiota and Clinical Parameters in Predicting Survival in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Short-chain fatty acids in the tumor microenvironment: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Gut microbial metabolites in cancer immunomodulation.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota profile, potential engineering techniques and its genetic and epigenetic implications in poultry health.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Inosine shapes PD-1 blockade responses and synergizes with dual PD-1/CTLA-4 immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Causal relationships between gut microbiota and urothelial carcinoma mediated by inflammatory cytokines and blood cell traits identified through Mendelian randomization analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The human microbiome: redefining cancer pathogenesis and therapy.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Association between theMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Investigating the interaction between tangeretin metabolism and amelioration of gut microbiota disorders using dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea models.Current research in food science · 2025Article
- Alterations of metabolites related to microbiota-gut-brain axis in plasma of colon cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer patients.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- The link between inflammatory/ SCFA profiles and oral/gut microbiome: an observational study in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Dietary composition and fasting regimens differentially impact the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acid profile in a Pakistani cohort.Frontiers in systems biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The low response rate of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a challenge. The efficacy of ICIs is influenced by the tumour microenvironment, which is controlled by the gut microbiota. In particular, intestinal bacteria and their metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are important regulators of cancer immunity; however, our knowledge on the effects of individual SCFAs remains limited. Here, we show that isobutyric acid has the strongest effect among SCFAs on both immune activity and tumour growth. In vitro, cancer cell numbers were suppressed by approximately 75% in humans and mice compared with those in controls. Oral administration of isobutyric acid to carcinoma-bearing mice enhanced the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, reducing tumour volume by approximately 80% and 60% compared with those in the control group and anti-PD-1 antibody alone group, respectively. Taken together, these findings may support the development of novel cancer therapies that can improve the response rate to ICIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.