ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2024
The deltoid ligament is constantly formed by four fascicles reaching the navicular, spring ligament complex, calcaneus and talus.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Navicular and fifth metatarsal base stress fractures: An illustrated anatomical review.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Review
- Arthroscopic findings and accuracy of preoperative diagnosis in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Subject-specific kinematic analysis of a total ankle arthroplasty implant.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Four-bundle anatomic deltoid ligament reconstruction: Surgical technique.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Anatomy and metrics of the medial malleolus.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- The deltoid ligament is constantly formed by four fascicles reaching the navicular, spring ligament complex, calcaneus and talus.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2024Article
- Medial sleeve fractures in elite-athletes: A heterogeneous group, anatomical and case-based considerations.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2024Article
- The ankle sprain and the domino effect.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe medial collateral ligament of the ankle, or deltoid ligament, can be injured in up to 40% of patients who sustain an ankle inversion sprain. Reporting injuries of the deltoid ligament is not easy due to confusion in the current anatomical descriptions, with up to 16 fascicles described, with variable frequencies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the deltoid ligament.
methodsThirty-two fresh-frozen ankle specimens were used for this study. Careful dissection was undergone until full visualization of the deltoid ligament was achieved and measurements taken.
resultsThe deltoid ligament was found to have four constant fascicles in two layers. The superficial layer consists of the tibionavicular, tibiospring and tibiocalcaneal fascicles, while the deep layer consists of the tibiotalar fascicle. Measurements of these fascicles are given in detail. The tibiotalar fascicle and the anterior part of the tibionavicular fascicle were found to be intra-articular structures.
conclusionThe deltoid ligament has a constant number of fascicles divided into a superficial and a deep layer. This clarification of the anatomy and terminology of the deltoid ligament and its fascicles will help clinical view, diagnosis and (interdoctor)communication and treatment. The ligamentous fibres of the deep layer, as well as the anterior fibres of the superficial layer (tibionavicular fascicle) are intra-articular, which could negatively impact its healing capacity, explaining chronicity of these types of injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Not applicable (cadaveric study).
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