ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2024
An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease linked to a municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant, The Netherlands, September-October 2022.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Case of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 1 Infection Linked to Water Flosser, France.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment ofNew microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- Occurrence of UnculturedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are increasingly identified as Legionnaires' disease (LD) sources. An outbreak investigation was initiated following five LD cases reported in September 2022 in Houten, the Netherlands. Case identification was based on the European LD case definition, with symptom onset from 1 September 2022, residence in or within 5 km of Houten, or visit to Houten within the incubation period, without other likely sources. We sampled potential sources and genotyped environmental and clinical isolates. We identified 15 LD cases with onset between 13 September and 23 October 2022. A spatial source identification and wind direction model suggested an industrial (iWWTP) and a municipal WWTP (mWWTP) as potential sources, with the first discharging water into the latter. Both tested positive for
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