ArticleHealth affairs scholar2024
Social determinants of health Z-code documentation practices in mental health settings: a scoping review.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Social determinants of health diagnosis codes in in-person and telehealth visits during pregnancy in the United States, 2020-2025: a repeated cross-sectional and case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Suicide Risk and Protective Factors Among Medicaid-Enrolled Black Youth With a Mental Health Diagnosis.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Z-Code Health-Related Social Needs and Their Association with Post-Discharge Healthcare Utilization in Older Adults with Heart Failure and COPD.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Measurement Bias in Documentation of Social Risk Among Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Use of Z-codes related to social determinants of health among adult inpatients in France: a nationwide study from 2014 to 2022.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Physical Restraint Use in Hospitalized Patients: A Study of Routinely Collected Health Records Data.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Social determinants of health in lung cancer surgery: perspectives from family caregivers, clinicians, and healthcare system administrators.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Comparing Patient-level Social Drivers of Health from Health Surveys and Electronic Health Records for Patients with Comorbid Hypertension and Uncontrolled Diabetes.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- Applying an ELSI lens to real-world data and novel genomic insights for personalized mental healthcare.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mental health remains an urgent global priority, alongside efforts to address underlying social determinants of health (SDoH) that contribute to the onset or exacerbate mental illness. SDoH factors can be captured in the form of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), SDoH Z codes. In this scoping review, we describe current SDoH Z-code documentation practices, with a focus on mental health care contexts. Among 2 743 061 374 health care encounters noted across 12 studies in the United States, SDoH Z-code documentation rates ranged from 0.5% to 2.4%. Documentation often involved patients under 64 years of age who are publicly insured and experience comorbidities, including depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, chronic pulmonary disease, and substance abuse disorders. Documentation varied across hospital types, number of beds per facility, patient race/ethnicity, and geographic region. Variation was observed regarding patient sex/gender, although SDoH Z codes were more frequently documented for males. Documentation was most observed in government, nonfederal, and private not-for-profit hospitals. From these insights, we offer policy and practice recommendations, as well as considerations for patient data privacy, security, and confidentiality, to incentivize more routine documentation of Z codes to better assist patients with complex mental health care needs.
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