Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38755494›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2025

Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Rapid Coffee Products in Bandar Abbas, Iran: Probabilistic Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment.

Vali Alipour, Iman Mahmoudi, Mohammad Borzoei, Fereshteh Mehri, Maryam Sarkhosh, Intissar Limam, Rasul Nasiri, Yadolah Fakhri

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biological trace element research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Vali AlipourFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Iman MahmoudiFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. emanmahmoodi002@gmail.com.
Mohammad BorzoeiFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Fereshteh MehriNutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Maryam SarkhoshDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Intissar LimamLaboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis, National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis; and High School for Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Rasul NasiriAir Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Yadolah FakhriFood Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. ya.fakhri@gmail.com.

Funding

Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Islamic Republic Of IR.HUMS.REC.1399.448
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. However, coffee plants are often exposed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution. The main aims of current study were to detect the PTEs in instant coffee and health risk assessment of consumers in Bandar Abbas city. To achieve this, 40 samples of instant coffee were randomly collected from various points in the city in 2023 and PTEs concentrations were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The concentrations of Fe and Cu were higher than other PTEs, equaling 404.41 mg/kg and 0.0046 mg/kg, respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that THQ (Fe > Pb > As > Cd > Ni > Cu) and TTHQ levels were less than 1 based on the 95% percentile in adults and children, indicating there is no possibility of a non-carcinogenic risk associated with instant coffee. The carcinogenic risk due to inorganic As in instant coffee was acceptable (2.63E-5 and 1.27E-5 based on the 95% percentile for adults and children, respectively), therefore PTEs in instant coffee do not endanger the health of consumers.

Indexed as

CarcinogensCoffeeFood ContaminationAdultHumansIranMonte Carlo MethodRisk AssessmentSpectrophotometry, AtomicCarcinogensCoffeeCarcinogenic riskCoffee ProductsHeavy metalsNon-Carcinogenic riskPotentially Toxic Elements

Identifiers

PMID38755494

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.