ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2024
Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and its associations with metabolic risk in healthy young adults with early life stress.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exercise as a Molecular Therapeutic Strategy in Metabolic Syndrome: Integrating Cellular Signaling, Organ Crosstalk, and Clinical Translation-A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- A contemporary review of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in cardiovascular disease and broader disease state implications.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Review
- Childhood trauma and physical activity link immunometabolic biomarkers and psychiatric symptoms in medically healthy adults.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- The expanding landscape of adipokines: emerging roles of PAI-1 and vaspin in cardiometabolic diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The expression changes endothelial and fibrinolytic biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke patients with OSA.BMC neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to characterize the interplay between early life stress (ELS), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system implicated in cardiometabolic diseases. We also examined the understudied intersection of ELS, physical activity and PAI-1.
methodsHealthy young adults ages 18-40 (N=200; 68% female) were recruited from the community. Participants with ELS (N=118) experienced childhood maltreatment, and the majority (n=92) also experienced childhood parental loss. Control participants (N=82) had no history of childhood maltreatment or parental loss. Participants had no current cardiometabolic or thrombotic conditions. Fasting plasma samples were assessed for markers of metabolic risk and total PAI-1 using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Diabetes Panel (Bio-Rad Laboratories). A composite metabolic risk z-score (MetS risk) was computed from the mean standardized z-scores of waist-to-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HLD cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c.
resultsWe found that a history of ELS was linked to both higher PAI-1 levels and a higher MetS risk score. ELS was associated with a higher MetS Z-score in adulthood via increased circulating PAI-1 levels (Average Causal Mediation Effect [ACME]= 0.07, p = 0.036). ELS was also linked to increased PAI-1 levels via greater MetS z-scores (ACME = 0.02, p < 0.001). There was a significant interaction effect of ELS and exercise on PAI-1 levels (p = 0.03), such that engaging in higher levels of daily exercise was linked to lower PAI-1 levels in individuals with ELS.
conclusionHealthy young adults with ELS have elevated PAI-1 levels and metabolic risk scores. Among individuals with ELS, exercise is linked to lower PAI-1 levels, suggesting a potential direction for early intervention.
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