ArticlePloS one2024
Individual and community level determinants of delayed antenatal care initiation in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Application of machine learning algorithm for predicting acute malnutrition among under 5 children in east Africa using recent DHS.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Why Do First Time Mothers in Sub-Saharan Africa Delay Their First Antenatal Care Visit? Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys (2019-2022) From 18 Countries-A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Social and geographical inequalities in prenatal care coverage in Colombia: a multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA).BMJ global health · 2025Observational
- Multilevel analysis of late antenatal care booking and its predictors among pregnant women in extremely high and very high maternal mortality sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from recent demographic and health surveys data.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Bivariate multilevel modeling of antenatal care contacts and place of delivery among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessment of antenatal care quality in Ethiopia: Facility-based study using service provision assessment data.PloS one · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAntenatal care (ANC) is essential health care and medical support provided to pregnant women, with the aim of promoting optimal health for both the mother and the developing baby. Pregnant women should initiate ANC within the first trimester of pregnancy to access a wide range of crucial services. Early initiation of ANC significantly reduces adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet many women in Sub-Saharan Africa delay its initiation. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and determinants of delayed ANC initiation in Ethiopia.
methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The study involved women of reproductive age who had given birth within the five years prior to the survey and had attended ANC for their most recent child. A total weighted sample of 2,895 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Due to the hierarchical nature of the data, we employed a multi-level logistic regression model to examine both individual and community level factors associated with delayed ANC initiation. The findings of the regressions were presented with odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values. All the statistical analysis were performed using STATA-14 software.
resultsThis study showed that 62.3% (95% CI: 60.5, 64.1) of pregnant women in Ethiopia delayed ANC initiation. Participants, on average, began their ANC at 4 months gestational age. Women with no education (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.0), poorest wealth status (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.8), from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP) region (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.3), and those who gave birth at home (AOR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7) were more likely to delay ANC initiation.
conclusionsThe prevalence of delayed ANC initiation in Ethiopia was high. Enhancing mothers' education, empowering them through economic initiatives, improving their health-seeking behavior towards facility delivery, and universally reinforcing standardized ANC, along with collaborating with the existing local community structure to disseminate health information, are recommended measures to reduce delayed ANC initiation.
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