Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38750491›Full record

Trial reportHead & face medicine2024

Halitosis in young patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from a randomized controlled trial.

Karolin Charlotte Hoefer, Anna Greta Barbe, Anne Adams, Christoph Schoppmeier, Michael Jochen Wicht, Lutz T Weber, Michael J Noack, Isabelle Graf

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Head & face medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Karolin Charlotte HoeferDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Anna Greta BarbeDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Anne AdamsInstitute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Christoph SchoppmeierDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Michael Jochen WichtDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Lutz T WeberDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Michael J NoackDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Isabelle GrafDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. isabelle.graf@uk-koeln.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) directly affects oral health. Yet data about halitosis in young CKD patients and the impact of dental prophylaxis is limited. Therefore, as part of this randomized clinical trial, halitosis in young CKD patients undergoing intensive or standard oral preventive procedures was to be explored.

methodsThree volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were measured in 30 young patients with CKD (mean age 14.2 years; 16 males, 14 females). Breath samples were taken after 3 and 6 months and analyzed with selective gas chromatography (OralChroma). Tongue coating (Winkel Index) and clinical indices to determine local inflammation or oral hygiene (Papillary Bleeding Index and Quigley-Hein Index) were assessed. Within an extended anamnesis, patients and their mothers and nurses were questioned about the perceived halitosis. Corresponding quotes were noted verbatim. Patients were randomized to either intensive need-related oral health care measures (oral preventative program, OPP) or a one-stage standard prevention (treatment as usual, TAU).

resultsWhile there were no differences in volatile sulfur compound levels between TAU and OPP at the three time points of measurements (p > 0.05), there was a tendency towards a reduction in dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide of affected patients within the OPP group over time. Looking at potential differences between both groups with regard to tongue coating, significant differences were observed between baseline and 3 months after study start in the OPP group, and between baseline and 6 months after study start in the TAU group (p < 0.05). The burden of halitosis was frequently reported by patients' mothers and nurses.

conclusionsYoung CKD patients regularly suffered from halitosis and dimethyl sulfide was its main source. Preventive measures mainly resulted in a reduction of tongue coating.

trial registrationThe German Clinical Trial Register (# DRKS00010580).

Indexed as

HalitosisRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdolescentBreath TestsChildChromatography, GasFemaleHumansHydrogen SulfideMaleOral HygieneSulfur CompoundsHydrogen SulfideSulfur CompoundsAdolescentsChildrenChronic kidney diseaseHalitosis

Identifiers

PMID38750491
PMCPMC11094915

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.