Observational studyBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2024
Effect of the HPV vaccination programme on incidence of cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by socioeconomic deprivation in England: population based observational study.
Observational study in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of HPV vaccine on CIN2+ recurrence after conization: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vaccination timing, valency and surgical margins.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- HPV vaccine awareness and uptake among women attending cervical screening in health-resource-limited areas of China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Artificial intelligence-assisted histopathological diagnosis of endocervical gastric-type adenocarcinoma: a multicenter model development and validation study.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2026Article
- Clinical Significance of Vulvar Condyloma as a Marker of Concurrent High-Risk Cervical HPV Infection and Abnormal Cervical Cytology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Biological features of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus-a deep dive review.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- A global scoping review of interventions to increase participation in screening programmes for breast, cervical and colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2025.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination and timing of administration on recurrence of cervical HSIL after LEEP: A retrospective study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Vaccines as Global Health Security Infrastructure: Insights from a Descriptive Analysis of Vaccines Europe Members' Clinical Pipelines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Performance of Serum VEGF and M-CSF in Cervical Cancer and, Their Association with Stage.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Review
- Age of acquisition of disease-causal human papillomavirus infection to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in England.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Towards Global HPV Eradication: Single-Dose HPV Vaccination vs. Pseudoscience.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Article
- A Pocket Manual for Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Effect of HPV Adult Vaccination on Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels: Paired Measurements in a Retrospective Cohort.Vaccines · 2026Article
- ERS Congress 2025: highlights from the Respiratory Infections Assembly.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Extended follow-up of invasive cervical cancer risk after quadrivalent HPV vaccination: nationwide, register based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo replicate previous analyses on the effectiveness of the English human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme on incidence of cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) using 12 additional months of follow-up, and to investigate effectiveness across levels of socioeconomic deprivation.
designObservational study.
settingEngland, UK.
participantsWomen aged 20-64 years resident in England between January 2006 and June 2020 including 29 968 with a diagnosis of cervical cancer and 335 228 with a diagnosis of CIN3. In England, HPV vaccination was introduced nationally in 2008 and was offered routinely to girls aged 12-13 years, with catch-up campaigns during 2008-10 targeting older teenagers aged <19 years.
main outcome measuresIncidence of invasive cervical cancer and CIN3.
resultsIn England, 29 968 women aged 20-64 years received a diagnosis of cervical cancer and 335 228 a diagnosis of CIN3 between 1 January 2006 and 30 June 2020. In the birth cohort of women offered vaccination routinely at age 12-13 years, adjusted age standardised incidence rates of cervical cancer and CIN3 in the additional 12 months of follow-up (1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020) were, respectively, 83.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 63.8% to 92.8%) and 94.3% (92.6% to 95.7%) lower than in the reference cohort of women who were never offered HPV vaccination. By mid-2020, HPV vaccination had prevented an estimated 687 (95% CI 556 to 819) cervical cancers and 23 192 (22 163 to 24 220) CIN3s. The highest rates remained among women living in the most deprived areas, but the HPV vaccination programme had a large effect in all five levels of deprivation. In women offered catch-up vaccination, CIN3 rates decreased more in those from the least deprived areas than from the most deprived areas (reductions of 40.6%
conclusionsThe high effectiveness of the national HPV vaccination programme previously seen in England continued during the additional 12 months of follow-up. HPV vaccination was associated with a substantially reduced incidence of cervical cancer and CIN3 across all five deprivation groups, especially in women offered routine vaccination.
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