ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2024
Natural history of depression up to 18 years after stroke: a population-based South London Stroke Register study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive factors for remission in post-stroke depression: A Markov model cohort study.iScience · 2026Article
- The Relationship between Type D Personality and Depression Symptoms in Stroke Patients: The Chain Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy and Participation Preferences.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation Participates in Resilience to PSD in C57BL/6 Mice.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Post-intracerebral hemorrhage depression comorbid with obstructive sleep apnea and REM sleep behavior disorder: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the SLS CHARTER care model to support post-stroke care continuity and employment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Stroke Survivors Have Almost Three Times Higher Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Real-World Smartphone Data Predicts Mood After Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Symptoms and May Constitute Digital Endpoints: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health · 2025Article
- Long-Term Course of Depression After Stroke and Risk Factors for Symptoms With Poor Progression: A Population-Based Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Long-term outcomes of depression up to 10-years after stroke in the South London Stroke Register: a population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Mediating effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the association between depression, anxiety, and cardiometabolic disorders in an ethnically diverse middle-aged and older population.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Mechanism of Treadmill Exercise Combined with Rich Environmental Stimulation to Improve Depression in Post-stroke Depression Model Rats.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Current evidence on the long-term natural history of post-stroke depression (PSD) is limited. We aim to determine the prevalence, incidence, duration and recurrence rates of depression to 18-years after stroke and assess differences by onset-time and depression severity. Methods: Data were from the South London Stroke Register (1995-2019, N = 6641 at registration). Depression was defined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (scores > 7 = depression) at 3-months, then annually to 18-years after stroke. We compared early- (3-months post-stroke) vs late-onset depression (1-year) and initial mild (HADS scores > 7) vs severe depression (scores > 10). Findings: 3864 patients were assessed for depression at any time-points during the follow-up (male:55.4% (2141), median age: 68.0 (20.4)), with the number ranging from 2293 at 1-year to 145 at 18-years after stroke. Prevalence of PSD ranged from 31.3% (28.9-33.8) to 41.5% (33.6-49.3). The cumulative incidence of depression was 59.4% (95% CI 57.8-60.9), of which 87.9% (86.5-89.2) occurred within 5-years after stroke. Of patients with incident PSD at 3-months after stroke, 46.6% (42.1-51.2) recovered after 1 year. Among those recovered, 66.7% (58.0-74.5) experienced recurrent depression and 94.4% (87.5-98.2) of recurrences occurred within 5-years since recovery. Similar estimates were observed in patients with PSD at 1-year. 34.3% (27.9-41.1) of patients with severe depression had recovered at the next time-point, compared to 56.7% (50.5-62.8) with mild depression. Recurrence rate at 1-year after recovery was higher in patients with severe depression (52.9% (35.1-70.2)) compared to mild depression (23.5% (14.1-35.4)) (difference: 29.4% (7.6-51.2), p = 0.003). Interpretation: Long-term depressive status may be established by 5-years post-onset. Early- and late-onset depression presented similar natural history, while severe depression had a longer duration and quicker recurrence than mild depression. These estimates were limited to alive patients completing the depression assessment, who tended to have less severe stroke than excluded patients, so may be underestimated and not generalizable to all stroke survivors. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR202339).
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