Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38745965›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors with or without transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE2201): a target trial emulation study.

Zhi-Cheng Jin, Jian-Jian Chen, Xiao-Li Zhu, Xu-Hua Duan, Yu-Jing Xin, Bin-Yan Zhong, Jin-Zhang Chen, Jun Tie, Kang-Shun Zhu, Lan Zhang and 38 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05332821 (Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization in Combination With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors and Molecular Target Therapies), which is not on this map. Cited by 134 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
134citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05332821 completednot on this map

Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization in Combination With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors and Molecular Target Therapies(VEGF-TKI/Bevacizumab) for Advanced Stage HCC

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorZhongda HospitalRan2022 to 2024Enrolled1,244ConditionsHepatocellular CarcinomaArmsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors+VEGF-TKI/bevacizumab, TACE
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

134 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Transarterial chemoembolization with 125 I seed insertion for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta‑analysis.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2025
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74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

48 authors.

Zhi-Cheng JinCenter of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Jian-Jian ChenCenter of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Xiao-Li ZhuDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Xu-Hua DuanDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
Yu-Jing XinDepartment of Minimally Invasive Comprehensive Treatment of Cancer, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Bin-Yan ZhongDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Jin-Zhang ChenState Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jun TieNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Kang-Shun ZhuDepartment of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Radiology Center, and Minimally Invasive and Interventional Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Lan ZhangDepartment of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ming HuangDepartment of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Ming-Jian PiaoDepartment of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xiao LiDepartment of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Hai-Bin ShiDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Rui-Bao LiuDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Ai-Bing XuDepartment of Interventional Therapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.
Fanpu JiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Jian-Bing WuDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Guo-Liang ShaoIntervention Department, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Hai-Liang LiDepartment of Minimally Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Ming-Sheng HuangDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhi-Yi PengHepatobiliary and Pancreatic Interventional Treatment Center, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Jian-Song JiDepartment of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, School of Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China.
Chun-Wang YuanCenter of Interventional Oncology and Liver Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xiu-Feng LiuDepartment of Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Zhou-Chao HuInterventional Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Wei-Zhu YangDepartment of Interventional Radiology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Guo-Wen YinDepartment of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Jin-Hua HuangDepartment of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
Nai-Jian GeDepartment of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaolong QiCenter of Portal Hypertension, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yang ZhaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Jia-Wei ZhouDepartment of Biostatistics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Guo-Hui XuDepartment of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chengdu, China.
Qiang TuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Oncology Surgery, Department of Interventional Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Hai-Lan LinDepartment of Tumor Interventional Therapy, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Yao-Jun ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Hua JiangCancer Treatment Centers, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Hai-Bo ShaoDepartment of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Yong-Jie SuFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medical of Digestive System Tumor, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Ting-Song ChenSecond Department of Oncology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Bao-Qi ShiDepartment of Intervention, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China.
Xiang ZhouDepartment of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Hai-Tao ZhaoDepartment of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Hai-Dong ZhuCenter of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Zheng-Gang RenDepartment of Hepatic Oncology, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Gao-Jun TengCenter of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
CHANCE2201 Investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The role of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unconfirmed. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with or without TACE as first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Methods: This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study included advanced HCC patients receiving either TACE with ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (TACE-ICI-VEGF) or only ICIs plus anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs (ICI-VEGF) from January 2018 to December 2022. The study design followed the target trial emulation framework with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) to minimize biases. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05332821. Findings: Among 1244 patients included in the analysis, 802 (64.5%) patients received TACE-ICI-VEGF treatment, and 442 (35.5%) patients received ICI-VEGF treatment. The median follow-up time was 21.1 months and 20.6 months, respectively. Post-application of sIPTW, baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups. TACE-ICI-VEGF group exhibited a significantly improved median OS (22.6 months [95% CI: 21.2-23.9] vs 15.9 months [14.9-17.8]; P < 0.0001; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.63 [95% CI: 0.53-0.75]). Median PFS was also longer in TACE-ICI-VEGF group (9.9 months [9.1-10.6] vs 7.4 months [6.7-8.5]; P < 0.0001; aHR 0.74 [0.65-0.85]) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1. A higher ORR was observed in TACE-ICI-VEGF group, by either RECIST v1.1 or modified RECIST (41.2% vs 22.9%, P < 0.0001; 47.3% vs 29.7%, P < 0.0001). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 178 patients (22.2%) in TACE-ICI-VEGF group and 80 patients (18.1%) in ICI-VEGF group. Interpretation: This multicenter study supports the use of TACE combined with ICIs and anti-VEGF antibody/TKIs as first-line treatment for advanced HCC, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and Nanjing Life Health Science and Technology Project.

Indexed as

Hepatocellular carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsTarget trial emulationTransarterial chemoembolizationTyrosine kinase inhibitorsVascular endothelial growth factor

Identifiers

PMID38745965
PMCPMC11090892

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.