ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2024
Genome-Wide Association Study of Treatment-Resistant Depression: Shared Biology With Metabolic Traits.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Rethinking Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review of Novel Therapeutic Strategies and Precision Medicine Approaches.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis and rare copy number variant analysis of treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Can Psychiatric Genetics Advance Without Incorporating a Life Course Perspective?Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Obstacles and Challenges?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Treatment resistant depression: Socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidity and treatment patterns from the All of Us Research Program.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Genetic factors and symptom dimensions associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes: clues for new potential therapeutic targets?European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Applying large language models to stratify suicide risk using narrative clinical notes.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- The genetics of severe depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Genetic Correlates of Treatment-Resistant Depression.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Polygenic scores and antidepressant treatment outcomes in major depression: a critical integrative review.Neuroscience applied · 2025Article
- Phenome-wide investigation of bidirectional causal relationships between major depressive disorder and common human diseases.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Using Medical Records to Investigate the Genetics of Treatment-Resistant Depression Across Health Care Systems.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Detecting and Adjusting for Hidden Biases due to Phenotype Misclassification in Genome-Wide Association Studies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
JooEun KangDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Victor M CastroDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Michael RippergerDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Sanan VenkateshDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
David BursteinDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Richard Karlsson LinnérDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Daniel B RochaDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Yirui HuDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Drew WilimitisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Theodore MorleyDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Lide HanDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Rachel Youngjung KimDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Yen-Chen Anne FengDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Tian GeDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Stephan HeckersDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Georgios VoloudakisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Christopher ChabrisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Panos RoussosDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Thomas H McCoyDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Colin G WalshDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Roy H PerlisDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Douglas M RuderferDivision of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute (Kang, Morley, Han, Ruderfer), Department of Psychiatry (Castro, Kim, Ge, McCoy, Perlis) and Center for Quantitative Health (Castro, Kim, McCoy, Perlis), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Research Information Science and Computing, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Mass. (Castro); Department of Psychiatry, Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, and Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. (Venkatesh, Burstein, Voloudakis, Roussos); Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Lewisburg, Pa. (Linnér, Chabris); Department of Economics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (Linnér); Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core (Rocha) and Population Health Sciences (Hu), Geisinger, Danville, Pa.; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (Feng).
Funding
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) -Identifying correlates of functional immunity in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasmaUL1TR002243 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Paul A. Harris, Wesley H Self · 2017 to 2026
$130.7MVANDERBILT UNIVERSITY CTSA FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR024975 · NCRR · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2007 to 2011
$45.7MThe Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4MMEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007347 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER S. · 1985 to 2023
$26.3MPharmacogenomics of Arrhythmia TherapyU19HL065962 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI RODEN, DAN M · 2010 to 2014
$17.4MUnderstanding and preventing HLA-associated drug reactionsP50GM115305 · NIGMS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI DENNY, JOSHUA C. · 2015 to 2019
$13.0MUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer DiseaseR01AG067025 · NIA · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI FINKBEINER, STEVEN M, HAROUTUNIAN, VAHRAM · 2019 to 2023
$11.8MThe Genetic Epemiology of Multiple SclerosisR01NS032830 · NINDS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI HAINES, JONATHAN L · 1995 to 2010
$8.9MEpidemiologic Architecture for Genes Linked to Environment (EAGLE)U01HG004798 · NHGRI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI CRAWFORD, DANA C · 2008 to 2013
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$6.4MThe 3D genome in transcriptional regulation across the postnatal life span, with implications for schizophrenia and bipolar disorderU01MH116442 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI AKBARIAN, SCHAHRAM, DRACHEVA, STELLA · 2018 to 2022
$5.9MMultiethnic genomic epigenomic and transcriptomic fine-mapping and functional validation analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder risk lociR01MH125246 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ROUSSOS, PANAGIOTIS · 2021 to 2025
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Abstract
objectiveTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) occurs in roughly one-third of all individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Although research has suggested a significant common variant genetic component of liability to TRD, with heritability estimated at 8% when compared with non-treatment-resistant MDD, no replicated genetic loci have been identified, and the genetic architecture of TRD remains unclear. A key barrier to this work has been the paucity of adequately powered cohorts for investigation, largely because of the challenge in prospectively investigating this phenotype. The objective of this study was to perform a well-powered genetic study of TRD.
methodsUsing receipt of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a surrogate for TRD, the authors applied standard machine learning methods to electronic health record data to derive predicted probabilities of receiving ECT. These probabilities were then applied as a quantitative trait in a genome-wide association study of 154,433 genotyped patients across four large biobanks.
resultsHeritability estimates ranged from 2% to 4.2%, and significant genetic overlap was observed with cognition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol and smoking traits, and body mass index. Two genome-wide significant loci were identified, both previously implicated in metabolic traits, suggesting shared biology and potential pharmacological implications.
conclusionsThis work provides support for the utility of estimation of disease probability for genomic investigation and provides insights into the genetic architecture and biology of TRD.
Indexed as
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-ResistantElectroconvulsive TherapyGenome-Wide Association StudyMajor Depressive DisorderAdultAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeSchizophreniaDepressive DisordersElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)Genetics/GenomicsMajor Depressive DisorderTreatment-Resistant Depression
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.