ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2024
Migraine or any headaches and white matter hyperintensities and their progression in women and men.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unraveling the relationship between white matter lesions in MRI and migraine: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity in middle cerebral artery stenosis using non-hypercapnic resting-state fMRI: a potential biomarker for hemodynamic alterations.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- The relationship between white matter hyperintensity and gait in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Impaired glymphatic function contributes to high-frequency attacks in patients with episodic migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Migraine with and without aura-two distinct entities? A narrative review.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Association between monocyte-to-HDL ratio and Fazekas-scaled white matter hyperintensities in migraine patients: a cross-sectional MRI-based study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in patients' referral to a headache unit.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Migraine and cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCross-sectional and longitudinal studies have been conducted to investigate the association between migraine and any headache and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, studies are inconsistent regarding the strength of the association and its clinical significance. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between headache and its subtypes (migraine with aura (MigA+), migraine without aura (MigA-), non-migraine headache (nonMigHA)) and WMH and its course in the population-based 1000BRAINS study using state-of-the-art imaging techniques and migraine classification according to modified international classification of headache disorders.
methodsData from 1062 participants (45% women, 60.9 ± 13.0 years) with ever or never headache (neverHA) and complete quantitative (WMH volume) and qualitative (Fazekas classification) WMH data at first imaging and after 3.7 ± 0.7 years (393 participants) were analyzed. The sex-specific association between headache and its subtypes and WMH volume and its change was evaluated by linear regression, between headache and its subtypes and Fazekas score high vs. low (2-3 vs. 0-1) by log-binomial regression, adjusted for confounders.
resultsThe lifetime prevalence of headache was 77.5% (10.5% MigA+, 26.9% MigA-, 40.1% nonMigHA). The median WMH volume was 4005 (IQR: 2454-6880) mm3 in women and 4812 (2842-8445) mm3 in men. Women with any headaches (all headache types combined) had a 1.23 [1.04; 1.45]-fold higher WMH volume than women who reported never having had a headache. There was no indication of higher Fazekas grading or more WMH progression in women with migraine or any headaches. Men with migraine or any headaches did not have more WMH or WMH progression compared to men without migraine or men who never had headache.
conclusionsOur study demonstrated no increased occurrence or progression of WMH in participants with mgiraine. But, our results provide some evidence of greater WMH volume in women with headache of any type including migraine. The underlying pathomechanisms and the reasons why this was not shown in men are unclear and require further research.
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