Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38745266›Full record

ArticleJournal of eating disorders2024

A prospective observational study examining weight and psychosocial change in adolescent and adult eating disorder inpatients admitted for nutritional rehabilitation using a high-energy re-feeding protocol.

Fiona Salter, Urvashnee Singh, Deborah Kerr, Yun Zhao, Emily Jeffery

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of eating disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. The Australasian Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: Consensus statements on refeeding syndrome.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2025
    Guideline
  2. High-Caloric Realimentation and Mental and Physical Well-Being in Patients With Extreme Anorexia Nervosa. A Prospective Study.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fiona SalterSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
Urvashnee SinghRamsay Clinic Hollywood, Hollywood Private Hospital, 95 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
Deborah KerrSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
Yun ZhaoSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
Emily JefferySchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. Emily.jeffery@curtin.edu.au.

Funding

Hollywood Private Hospital Research Foundation, Australia RF131-20/SGA011 NutDietTrED Study
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHigh-energy re-feeding protocols are increasingly utilised for nutritional rehabilitation in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), however, concern persists that adults with AN may be at greater risk of developing complications. In addition, research on psychological outcomes of eating disorder (ED) inpatient treatment programs, and outcomes of high-energy protocols in avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and bulimia nervosa (BN), is limited. This study of an ED inpatient program using a high-energy protocol, compared changes in weight and psychosocial outcomes between adolescents and adults, and identified medical risk factors associated with deviation from the protocol.

methodThis prospective observational study took place in a voluntary ED treatment program in a private hospital. Weight, height, and psychosocial questionnaires (ED Examination-Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Score, Clinical Impairment Assessment and AN/BN Stage of Change) were collected from consenting adolescents (16-20 years) and adults (> 20 years) on admission and discharge. Medical tolerance to the high-energy protocol was assessed daily. Independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests were applied to normally distributed data, and Mann-Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to skewed data. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant statistically.

resultsNinety-seven participants were recruited. The majority (n = 91, 94%) were female and most (n = 80, 83%) had AN. Forty-two (43%) were adolescents and 55 (57%) were adults. In participants with AN, weight change (Δ) was significant [median Δ 8.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 4.3) kg]. There was no difference in rate of weight change between adolescents and adults with AN [mean Δ 1.8 (standard deviation (SD) 0.5) kg/week vs. Δ 1.8 (SD 0.6) kg/week; p = 0.841, respectively]. One (1%) participant with AN did not tolerate the high-energy protocol due to oedema. Participants achieved positive change in psychosocial questionnaire scores (p < 0.001) after the the specialist ED program, with no difference between adolescents and adults (p > 0.05).

conclusionsThis voluntary ED treatment program using a high energy re-feeding protocol was effective in achieving positive weight and psychological change for adolescents and adults with minimal adverse events. This indicates that the specialist ED program has both nutritional and psychological benefits.

Indexed as

Anorexia nervosaARFIDBulimia nervosaHigh-calorieNutritional restorationPsychology

Identifiers

PMID38745266
PMCPMC11094855

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.