ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2024
E-cigarette dependence and cooling flavor use are linked among youth.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Abuse Liability of Electronic Cigarettes in Never-Smoking Electronic Cigarette Users.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- E-cigarette and cannabis use and co-use patterns and dependence trajectories among young adults in the United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Pain is Associated with E-Cigarette Use and Dependence in Young Adults: Findings from Wave 7 (2022-2023) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Influence of Cooling Agents on the Arrhythmogenic and Autonomic Effects of Electronic Cigarettes in an in vivo Model.Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends in e-cigarette flavour use and demographic correlates among US youth from 2020 to 2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- "Ice" flavor elements in E-cigarette images: Influence on liking and intention to use among youth who are at risk of E-cigarette use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- E-cigarette flavoring chemicals and vehicles adversely impact the functions of pigmented human retinal ARPE-19 cells.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- A multi-year characterization of confiscated vaping products from Virginia school youth.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2024Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the Self-Report Habit Index for assessing habitual e-cigarette use behavior in high school adolescents.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundE-cigarette flavors that produce cooling sensations may reduce nicotine harshness and enhance appeal among youth. While previous research has shown that use of cooling flavors is associated with more frequent vaping among youth, it is unknown whether the same holds true for e-cigarette dependence. This study examines the relationship between cooling flavor use and e-cigarette dependence among youth accounting for vaping frequency.
methodsIn Fall 2022, a survey was conducted among Connecticut high school students to assess past-month nicotine e-cigarette use, ever use of cooling flavors, cooling flavor types (e.g., fruit-cooling), and e-cigarette dependence. Analyses were restricted to those with past-month nicotine and nicotine-free e-cigarette use and complete data (n=204). Multivariable linear regressions were run to examine the association between cooling flavor use and e-cigarette dependence, adjusting for demographics, e-cigarette use characteristics, and other tobacco product use.
results78.4% of the sample used cooling e-cigarette flavors, with 55.0% using mint-cooling flavors and 52.5% using fruit-cooling flavors. Regression results observed that cooling flavor use was associated with higher e-cigarette dependence (ꞵ=1.53, SE=0.63, p=0.017), with those who used cooling flavors having higher e-cigarette dependence than those who did not (M=5.78 [SD=5.33] vs. 2.84 [3.19]).
conclusionsOur results suggest that cooling flavor use is significantly associated with e-cigarette dependence among youth. While regulations often target menthol flavor, tobacco control agencies should consider restricting any flavor that can produce cooling sensations, even if they are not traditional menthol products, as cooling flavors is associated with youth e-cigarette dependence.
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