ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Longitudinal Analysis of Nursing Home Residents' T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccinations Shows Influence of Biological Sex and Infection History.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Effectiveness of Boosting Against Omicron Hospitalization in Older Adults, Stratified by Frailty.Vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 booster doses reduce sex disparities in antibody responses among nursing home residents.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccines and vaccine boosting have blunted excess morbidity and mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in older nursing home residents (NHR). However, the impact of repeated vaccination on the T-cell response based on biological sex and prior infection of NHR remain understudied.
methodsWe examined T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in a cohort of NHR and healthcare workers (HCW) over 2 years. We used interferon-γ ELIspot and flow cytometry to assess T-cell response before, 2 weeks, and 6 months after the initial series and each of 2 booster vaccines. We analyzed these data longitudinally with mixed-effect modeling and also examined subsets of our cohorts for additional changes in T-cell effector function.
resultsPrior SARS-CoV-2 infection and female sex contributed to higher T-cell response in NHR but not HCW. When looking across time points, NHR but not HCW with prior infection had significantly higher T-cell responses than infection-naive subjects. These patterns of response were maintained across multiple booster vaccinations.
conclusionsThese results suggest that the age, multimorbidity, and/or frailty of the NHR cohort may accentuate sex and infection status differences in T-cell response to mRNA vaccination.
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