Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38742795›Full record

ArticleJournal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists2025

Color stability of CAD-CAM hybrid ceramic materials following immersion in artificial saliva and wine.

Toshiki Nagai, Amal Alfaraj, Tien-Min G Chu, Chao-Chieh Yang, Wei-Shao Lin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Optical stability of 3D-printed and milled zirconia after artificial aging and immersion in liquids: An in vitro study.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Color stability of CAD-CAM hybrid ceramic materials following immersion in artificial saliva and wine.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Toshiki NagaiDepartment of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Amal AlfarajDepartment of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-2358
Tien-Min G ChuDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-837X
Chao-Chieh YangAdvanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6008-0650
Wei-Shao LinDepartment of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-0569

Funding

American Academy of Fixed ProsthodonticsStanley D. Tylman Research Grant 2022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine the color stability of 3D-printed and milled, interim, and definitive, restorative materials after immersion in artificial saliva and wine for 1, 3, and 6 months. MATERIAL AND

methodsThe study used a 2 × 5 factorial design with 10 subgroups, including 2 immersion liquids (artificial saliva and wine) and 5 manufacturing technology and restorative material combinations (n = 10). Color measurements were taken using a contact-type digital spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Spectrophotometer; Konica Minolta Healthcare Americas Inc) before immersion and at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) after immersion. The CIE2000 system was used to calculate quantitative measurements of color differences in ΔE

resultsTo compare the effect of immersion liquid and time on the manufacturing technology/restorative material groups, the ΔE

conclusionUpon exposure to artificial saliva, 80%-100% of samples from all groups remained within the acceptable and perceptible color change thresholds. The wine had significant chromogenic effects on all tested restorative materials, however, the milled definitive crowns (hybrid nano-ceramic material) showed the greatest color stability. For patients with heavy wine consumption, 3D-printed definitive crowns (hybrid ceramic-filled material) may show discoloration exceeding acceptable and perceptible color change limits.

Indexed as

CeramicsComputer-Aided DesignDental MaterialsProsthesis ColoringSaliva, ArtificialWineColorDental PorcelainHumansImmersionMaterials TestingPrinting, Three-DimensionalSpectrophotometryDental MaterialsDental PorcelainSaliva, Artificial3D printingchromogenicestheticmillingnano‐ceramic

Identifiers

PMID38742795
PMCPMC12541291

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.