Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38742708›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2024

Distribution and expression of the aac(6')-Im (aacA16) aminoglycoside resistance gene.

Christopher J Harmer, Messiah J Nelson, Francois Lebreton, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn, Patrick T McGann, Ruth M Hall

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. TnMicrobial genomics · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Christopher J HarmerSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1486-454X
Messiah J NelsonMultidrug Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Francois LebretonMultidrug Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Paphavee LertsethtakarnBacterial and Parasitic Diseases Department, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand.
Patrick T McGannMultidrug Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Ruth M HallSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2062-3312

Funding

NHMRC GNT1194978
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aac(6')-Im (aacA16) amikacin, netilmicin and tobramycin resistance gene cassette had been circulating globally undetected for many years in a sublineage of Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 2.

objectivesTo identify sources for the aac(6')-Im fragment found in A. baumannii.

methodsMinION long-read sequencing and Unicycler hybrid assemblies were used to determine the genetic context of the aac(6')-Im gene. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to measure expression.

resultsAmong >60 000 non-Acinetobacter draft genomes in the MRSN collection, the aac(6')-Im gene was detected in Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates recovered from patients in Thailand between 2016 and 2019. Genomes of multiply resistant P. putida MRSN365855 and E. hormaechei MRSN791417 were completed. The class 1 integron containing the aac(6')-Im cassette was in the chromosome in MRSN365855, and in an HI2 plasmid in MRSN791417. However, MRSN791417 was amikacin susceptible and the gene was not expressed due to loss of the Pc promoter of the integron. Further examples of aac(6')-Im in plasmids from or the chromosome of various Gram-negative species were found in the GenBank nucleotide database. The aac(6')-Im context in integrons in pMRSN791417-8 and a Klebsiella plasmid pAMR200031 shared similarities with the aac(6')-Im region of AbGRI2-Im islands in A. baumannii. In other cases, the cassette array including the aac(6')-Im cassette was different.

conclusionsThe aac(6')-Im gene is widespread, being found so far in several different species and in several different gene cassette arrays. The lack of amikacin resistance in E. hormaechei highlights the importance of correlating resistance gene content and antibiotic resistance phenotype.

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiAminoglycosidesAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAcetyltransferasesAmikacinBacterial ProteinsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEnterobacterGenome, BacterialHumansIntegronsPlasmidsThailandTobramycinAcetyltransferasesAmikacinAminoglycosidesAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsTobramycin

Identifiers

PMID38742708
PMCPMC11215538

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.