SynthesisCurrent eye research2024
Radiological Imaging of the Lacrimal Gland in Sjogren's Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Current eye research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- NF‑κB signaling drives Th17‑mediated lacrimal gland injury and tear dysfunction in a murine model of primary Sjögren's syndrome.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Lacrimal gland ultrasonography as an adjunct tool for Sjögren disease (SjD) diagnosis from undifferentiated connective tissue diseases.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Pediatric Sjögren Disease: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges, and Outcomes in a Single-Centre Romanian Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Imaging features of lacrimal gland disease.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo critically appraise the evidence on the ability of the lacrimal gland ultrasonography (USG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate between Sjogren's syndrome and non-Sjogren's syndrome/healthy controls.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis (based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines) of online literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Cohort studies comparing the imaging features of the lacrimal glands of Sjogren's syndrome with a control group were included. Quantitative synthesis was performed using the RevMan (Version 5.4.1).
resultsSix studies used USG as an imaging technique, and three used MRI for the lacrimal gland imaging. The lacrimal gland affected with Sjogren's syndrome shows glandular heterogeneity on USG and MRI. Heterogeneity on USG had 6.18 times higher odds of the lacrimal gland being involved with Sjogren's syndrome (95% CI, 3.31-11.55). Gland hyperechogenicity cannot reliably differentiate the glandular involvement in Sjogren's syndrome. There is insufficient data for analysis on the gland size, hypoechoic areas, fibrous bands, and increased lacrimal artery resistance in Sjogren's syndrome patients. Of the three MRI-based studies, reduced apparent diffusion coefficient and heterogeneity were the characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome. Clinical parameters such as dry eye symptomatology and Schirmer values had variable associations with USG or MRI parameters. Ultrasonography parameters were no different between dry eye versus no dry eye in Sjogren's syndrome patients, whereas small-sized glands had low Schirmer on MRI-based studies.
conclusionGlandular heterogeneity on USG is significantly associated with lacrimal gland involvement in Sjogren's syndrome patients. However, the role of radiology in predicting lacrimal gland involvement is unclear as the evidence is insufficient and heterogeneous.
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