ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Endotoxin tolerance and trained immunity: breaking down immunological memory barriers.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dissection of MAPK and NF-κB p65 signaling dynamics underlying LPS tolerance in macrophages at the single-cell level.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Symbiont-Induced HSP83 Establishes Two-Tiered Control of Antifungal Immunity in an Invasive Beetle-Fungus Complex.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Higher Lipopolysaccharide Levels Are Linked to Less Anhedonia and Lower Severity of Major Depressive Disorder.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- The case for exploring innate memory in Plasmodium infection.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Steroid hormone ouabain cooperates with NaActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Effects of dietaryJDS communications · 2026Article
- Comorbidities, Routine Biomarkers and Early Septic Shock Occurrence in Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Combination of trained immunity and specific inactivated vaccine againstFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Trained immunity as a systemic bridge: the liver-gut-immune-oral axis in the comorbidity of chronic liver disease and periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inflammation-driven immune reprogramming in sepsis: from cytokine storm to immunoparalysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glatiramer acetate stimulates phagocytosis and intracellular killing ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interactions between Innate Immune Memory and the Central Nervous System.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Endotoxin tolerance enhances breast cancer aggressiveness and alters inflammatory marker expression in tumor and spleen of mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pleiotropic Mucosal Innate Immune Memory in the Gastrointestinal Tract.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Assessment of intestinal barrier integrity and associations with innate immune activation and metabolic syndrome in acutely ill, antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Development of clinical immunity to Plasmodium vivax following repeat controlled human malaria infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Endotoxin's Impact on Organism: From Immune Activation to Tolerance and Beyond.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impaired Responses to In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Stimulation After Long-Term, Rotating Shift Work.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Candida albicans-stimulated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells generate trained neutrophils with enhanced mitochondrial ROS production that defend against infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For decades, innate immune cells were considered unsophisticated first responders, lacking the adaptive memory of their T and B cell counterparts. However, mounting evidence demonstrates the surprising complexity of innate immunity. Beyond quickly deploying specialized cells and initiating inflammation, two fascinating phenomena - endotoxin tolerance (ET) and trained immunity (TI) - have emerged. ET, characterized by reduced inflammatory response upon repeated exposure, protects against excessive inflammation. Conversely, TI leads to an enhanced response after initial priming, allowing the innate system to mount stronger defences against subsequent challenges. Although seemingly distinct, these phenomena may share underlying mechanisms and functional implications, blurring the lines between them. This review will delve into ET and TI, dissecting their similarities, differences, and the remaining questions that warrant further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.