ArticleAnnals of occupational and environmental medicine2024
The impact of long working hours on daily sodium intake.
Article in Annals of occupational and environmental medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Associations Among Living Alone, Eating Alone, and Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Nationwide Study of South Korean Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Association Between the Korean Healthy Eating Index and Hyperuricemia Among Korean Adults.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Long Working Hours and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease Among Japanese Workers: The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2026Article
- Occupational Physical Activity and Blood Pressure: The Role of Leisure Time Physical Activity and Sex Differences.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Association Between Exposure to Age Discrimination and Nutritional Risk: Findings from a Nationwide Sample of Older Adults in South Korea.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The physical activity paradox in the development of metabolic syndrome: Based on the Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Association Between the Korean Healthy Eating Index and Liver Enzymes Among Korean Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Shift work and dietary behaviors among Korean workers.Journal of occupational health · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Long working hours are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, yet the underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. The study examines how occupational factors like working hours, shift work, and employment status correlate with dietary choices and sodium intake, impacting hypertension risk. Methods: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2020. The dataset included 8,471 respondents, all of whom were wage workers aged 20 or older and reported working at least 36 hours per week. Individuals who have been previously diagnosed with or are currently diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia were excluded. The average daily sodium intake was assessed via a 24-hour dietary recall method. Average weekly working hours were categorized into 3 groups: 36-40 hours, 41-52 hours, and over 52 hours. Multiple logistic regression models were used. Results: Study findings revealed that 83.7% of participants exceeded the recommended daily sodium intake of 2 g set by the World Health Organization. After adjusting for confounding factors, a positive correlation was observed between average working hours and daily sodium intake. Among males, statistical significance was found in the group with average weekly working hours of 41-52 hours (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.30) and the group exceeding 52 hours (PR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.09-1.38) when comparing the fourth quartile of daily sodium intake to the combined quartiles of Q1, Q2, and Q3. Among females, no significance was noted. Conclusions: Long working hours were associated with increased sodium intake, primarily among male workers. This connection is likely attributed to having less time for home-cooked meals, resulting in higher fast food consumption and dining out. A workplace intervention promoting healthy eating and reducing stress is essential to lower sodium consumption and mitigate hypertension risk.
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